Term
| Where are body fluids located? 3 main areas |
|
Definition
Interstitial fluid (80%)
Plasma (20%)
Lymph |
|
|
Term
| Where is the interstitial fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the plasma fluid? |
|
Definition
| Fluid portion o fblood- in blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| What does the lymph portion of fluid do? |
|
Definition
| For purification of Blood |
|
|
Term
| What % is intracellular fluid and where is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % is extracellular fluid and where is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the composition of fluids (3)? |
|
Definition
| Solutes, Electrolytes, Non-electrolytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substances dissolved in a solvent (water) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical substances that dissociate (ionize) in water |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of electrolytes? |
|
Definition
| Inorganic salts, acids and bases, and many proteins |
|
|
Term
| What is the contribution of electrolytes? |
|
Definition
| Greatly effect osmolarity of solutions, fluid shifts |
|
|
Term
| What units are electrolytes expressed in? |
|
Definition
| mEq/L milliequivalents per liter |
|
|
Term
| What type of bond do non-electrolytes have and what property is related to the bond? |
|
Definition
| Covalent bonds that prevent them from dissociating |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of non-electrolytes? |
|
Definition
| Organic molecules, glucose, lipids, urea, creatinine |
|
|
Term
| What contribution do non-elecrolytes make? |
|
Definition
| less osmotic power than electrolytes |
|
|
Term
| What ions are high in extracellular fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ion(s) are high in intracellular fluids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What regulates the movement of fluids between compartments? |
|
Definition
| Hydrostatic pressure and Osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
| Describe hydrostatic pressure |
|
Definition
| Force exeerted by a fluid as it is pressed against the wall of a vessel. It will send fluid through capillaries. |
|
|
Term
| Describe Osmotic pressure |
|
Definition
| Movement of water across semipermeable membrand along its concentration gradient. Blood filled with electrolytes--water follows it ...salt goes inside after a meal, increase blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| What type of pressure is indicative of force exeerted by a fluid as it is pressed against the wall of a vessel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pressure is indicative of movement of water across a semipermeable membrane along its concentration gradient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is located at the Arterial end of capillary exchange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is located at the venous end of capillary exchange? |
|
Definition
| Filtrate can either go from tissue to CAPILLARY due to osmotic pressure- blood-osmotic pressure and Lymph-purification |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 forms of water intake in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of the ingested water, what % is in liquid form and what % is in food? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ml intake level of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is metabolic water derived in body? |
|
Definition
| Through dehydration synthesis in anabolic reactions |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 ways water is output? |
|
Definition
| kidneys, skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| What % of water is output through kidneys and skin? |
|
Definition
| Kidneys 60% urine 1500 ml/day and Skin 28%-500 ml 400 ml per day evaporation and 100 ml/day sweat |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 mechanisms for fluid regulation? |
|
Definition
| Pressoreceptors and Osmoreceptors |
|
|
Term
| What do pressoreceptors do? |
|
Definition
| Baroreceptors- detect high or low blood volumes |
|
|
Term
| What do Osmoreceptors do? |
|
Definition
| Detect change in osmolarity |
|
|
Term
| With regard to osmoreceptors, an increase in solute per volume is indicative of what in terms of osmolarity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In terms of osmolarity, a decrease in solvent per volume is indicative of what in terms of osmolarity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Edema and what is it caused by? |
|
Definition
| Excess water in interstitial spaces which imparis circulation- diabetics, pregnant women, ..hands and feet swell |
|
|
Term
| What is hypotonic hydration? |
|
Definition
| Dilutional hypoatremia-water intoxication |
|
|
Term
| What causes hypotonic hydration? |
|
Definition
| Renal failure or extraordinary water intake |
|
|
Term
| Waht is the effect of hypotonic hydration? |
|
Definition
| ECS is diluted (water concentration is high) water to cells- edema-fluid build up in cells will burst |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatement for hypotonic hydration? |
|
Definition
| Intravenous hypertonic saline |
|
|
Term
| What 4 ions are linked to electrolyte balance in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of Na electrolyte balance? |
|
Definition
| Linked to water, K, H, Cl, HcO3, blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| With Aldosterone increase in Na+ in blood, what happens |
|
Definition
| 100% Na+ reabsorption by kidney, cl- and water follow Na+ reabsorption...high salt diet increases water, increases blood volume increases blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| What effect does estrogen have on Na balance? |
|
Definition
| Similar to aldesterone, reabsorption of Na and water following- explains premenstrual edema |
|
|
Term
| What effect does progesterone have on Na balance in the body? |
|
Definition
| Blocks the effect of aldosterone, acts as a diuretic, levels decrease near period |
|
|
Term
| What effect do Glucocorticoids (cortisol) have on Na balance? |
|
Definition
| Enhance water reabsorption-get swollen |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of K balance in the body? |
|
Definition
| Greatest effect on cell excitability and resting potential |
|
|
Term
| What effect does Aldesterone have on the K balance in the body? |
|
Definition
| With reabsorption of Na, results in K secretion |
|
|
Term
| What effect does Acidosis have on K balance? |
|
Definition
| Increases in blood acidity, ph is down |
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of Ca balance in the body? |
|
Definition
| Bones, blood clotting, muscular contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased excitability, tetany , muscle cramping- not enough Ca- bone fractures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased excitability, cardiac arrythmias- too much Ca |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for too littl Ca? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for too much Ca? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is released when blood Ca is too low? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breaks down bones and releases calcium in blood |
|
|
Term
| What happens in Osteoclast activation? |
|
Definition
| More absorption of Ca in blood and increase in reabsorption in kidneys |
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of calcium balance? |
|
Definition
| bones, blood clotting, muscular contraction |
|
|
Term
| When the intestinal absorption of Ca increases, what happens? |
|
Definition
| stimulates kidney to change vitamin D to the cofactor necessary for Ca absorption- INDIRECT |
|
|
Term
| Do renal tubes have increased or decreased absorption during Osteoclast activation with regard to calcium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regulator is released if Ca is too high triggering OsteoBLAST activation |
|
|
Term
| What specifically does OsteoBlast activation contribute to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does hypotensive mean with regard to Mg balance? |
|
Definition
| Etracellular MG increase results in muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
| What does hypertensive mean with regard to Mg? |
|
Definition
| Extracellular Mg decrease results in athersclerosis, stroke and increased lipid levels |
|
|
Term
| What conditions are prevalent when Mg is hypertensive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions are prevalent when Mg is hypertensive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a word for Mg extracellular increase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a word for extracellular Mg decrease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When H concentration changes, buffers come in to help balance high or low concentrations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bicarbonate, Phosphate, and Protein |
|
|
Term
| Where is the phosphate buffer system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What specific components are part of the Phosphate buffer system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which buffer involves exhaling CO2 to get rid of acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is amphoteric and which buffer system is associated specifically with this property? |
|
Definition
| Acts as both an acid and base buffer- Protein buffer system |
|
|
Term
| Which buffer system is associated with HCl and NH2 to convert to NH3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the end result is R-NH3, what was added and why? |
|
Definition
| Added a strong acid to increase ph because we were too acidic |
|
|
Term
| When a strong base NaOH is added, what is result? |
|
Definition
| R-Coo + H+ were too basic |
|
|
Term
| What is the ph of normal blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is blood ph in acidosis? |
|
Definition
| less than 7.35 resulting in disorientation, coma, and death |
|
|
Term
| What is the blood ph in Alkalosis? |
|
Definition
| Greter than 7.45 resulting in nerve twitches, muscle spasm, convulsions, death |
|
|
Term
| In Acidosis, what is respiratory response? |
|
Definition
| Increases, hyperventilate |
|
|
Term
| In acidosis, what is urinary response? |
|
Definition
| Reabsorbs Na+ and secretes H+ |
|
|
Term
| In Alkalosis, what is respiratory response? |
|
Definition
| Breathing rate goes down and hypoventilate |
|
|
Term
| In Alkalosis, what is urinary response? |
|
Definition
| Reabsorb Na+ and secrete K+ |
|
|
Term
| Which state, acidosis or alkalosis, is indicative of hyperventilation and secretions of H+ by urinary system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which system is indicative of hypoventilating and secretion of K+ by urinary system? Acidosis or alkalosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the basis of respiratory regulation of H+ concentrations? |
|
Definition
| Medulla regulates by detecting H+ concentrations in CSF |
|
|
Term
| What is respiratory acidosis? |
|
Definition
| Increase in acidity due to increased pCo2 in blood |
|
|
Term
| In respiratory acidosis, what is the detection and response? |
|
Definition
Detection: if pCO2 is greater than 45mmHG, increse in breathing rate to decrease acidity
Response: acidity is increased due to increase inCO2 in blooe ..ex: emphazema |
|
|
Term
| What is respiratory alkalosis? |
|
Definition
| decrease in acidity due to decreased CO2 in blood |
|
|
Term
| In respiratory alkalosis, what is the response |
|
Definition
| Breathing rate slow to get more CO2 into blood to increase H in blood..oxygen deficiency and anxiety |
|
|
Term
| In respiratory alkalosis, what is the detection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Normal pCO2 range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the basis fo renal regulation of H+ concentration? |
|
Definition
| kidney regulates by detecting HCO3- concentrations in filtrate |
|
|
Term
| What is normal HCO3- range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when there is an increase in acidity due to decreased HCO3- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when there is a decrease in acidity due to increased HCO3-? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is metabolic acidosis detected? |
|
Definition
| If HCO3- is less than 22mEq.L, blood pH less than 7.35 |
|
|
Term
| How i Metabolic Alkalosis detected? |
|
Definition
| If HCO3- is greater than 28mEq/L and blood pH is greater than 7.45 |
|
|
Term
| In respiratory alkalosis, what is the detection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the solution for Metabolic AcidosisRenal pelvis |
|
Definition
| Increase H+ to Na+ exchange by secreting H and reabsorbing Na |
|
|
Term
| What is the solution for Meabolic Alkalosis? |
|
Definition
| Increase K+ to Na+ exchange, excrete HCO3- and reabsorm Na and secrete k |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 organs of the urinary system? |
|
Definition
| kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ filters blood plasma, water and solutes go to blood stream and rest is excreted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ transports urine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ gets rid of urine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 urinary system controls? |
|
Definition
| Filtration, reabsorption and secretion |
|
|
Term
| Describe reabsorption in urinary system controls |
|
Definition
| Water and solutes go into blood from kidney |
|
|
Term
| Describe filtration and filtrate urinary system control. |
|
Definition
Filtration- plasma enters kidney
Filtrate-what leaves the plasma |
|
|
Term
| When does secretion take place in urinary system controls? |
|
Definition
| When materials are added from plasma to formed filtrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behind peritoneum kidneys and ureters |
|
|
Term
| What are the approximate dimensions of the kidney? |
|
Definition
| 4-5" long, 2-3" wide, and 1" thick |
|
|
Term
| Describe the location of the kidneys |
|
Definition
| T12 to L3 right slightly lower than left due to liver |
|
|
Term
| Why is the right kidney lower than the left? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Hilus part of the Kidney? |
|
Definition
| Notch in center where ureter and blood vessels leave the kidney |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers around the kidney? |
|
Definition
| Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia |
|
|
Term
| On the internal part of the kidney, what is the cavity for urine called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the internal part of the kidney, what part collects filtrate from major calyces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the Renal columns in the internal kidney? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the internal kidney is responsible for draining minor calyces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the internal kidney is responsibleto drain collecting tubules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape are the renal medullary pyramids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wher is the Medulla in the internal cortex of kidney? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The collecting tubules and renal papillae are located in what part of the internal kidney? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the renal medullary pyramids is at the base of the pyramids, point towards the pelvis and run into the minor calix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the renal pelvis do? |
|
Definition
| Collects filtrate from major calyces |
|
|
Term
| What do the minor calyces do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does urine travel in teh renal medullary pyramids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the dimensions of the ureters? |
|
Definition
| 10 to 12", connecting from kindney hlus to trigone of bladder |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers of the ureters? |
|
Definition
| Mucosa, muscularis, and fibrous coat anchorage |
|
|
Term
| What does the mucosa layer do in the ureter? |
|
Definition
| Keeps urine off tranisitonal epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What layers of teh ureters are teh 2 layers on top, 3 layers near blader for peristalsis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer of ureters is adventitia, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the size of the urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the male urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
| posterior to symphysis pubis |
|
|
Term
| Where is the female urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
| anterior to vagina and inferior to uterus |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of the urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
| Trigone-triangular area that points anteriorally |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of the urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
| Trigone-triangular area that points anteriorally |
|
|
Term
| Where are the ureter openings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the urethra opening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 layers of the urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
| Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serous coat |
|
|
Term
| What part of the urninary bladder is from internal and external sphnicters? |
|
Definition
| Muscularis (Detrusor muscle) |
|
|
Term
| What does the Mucosa do in the urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
| Keeps urine off the transitional epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Describe the serous coat of the urinary bladder. |
|
Definition
| Peritoneum-anchorage-continuous with adventitia from ureter |
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue is the Submucosa in the urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What size is the urethra in males and females? |
|
Definition
| Males 8" and Females 1.5" |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 regions of the urethra in males? |
|
Definition
EPITHELIUM-prostatic transitional to MEMBRANOUS-pseudostratified to
SPONGY-pseudostratified to opening stratified squamous |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 coats of the urethra in females? |
|
Definition
| mucosa, submucosa, muscularis |
|
|
Term
| In the female urethra, what type of epithelium is found? |
|
Definition
| Transitional epithelium becomes stratified squamous |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the urine through the kidneys to urethra? |
|
Definition
| Glomerulus-Bowmann's capsule-Proximal convoluted tubule-Descenting loop of Henle-Ascending loop of Henle-Distal convoluted tubule- Collecting tubule (Renal pyramids)-Minor Calyx- Major Calyx-Renal pelvis- Ureter-Bladder-Urethra |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of the blood supply of the kidney? |
|
Definition
| Renal artery-segmental (lobar) arteries enter hilus-interlobar arteries -afferent arteriole-capillaries (glomerulus)-efferent arteriole- peritubular capillaries (convoluted tubules) and or vasa recta (loop of Henle) interlobular vein (leave cortex)-arcuate vein- interlobar vein- renal vein |
|
|
Term
| Where is the glomerlus capillary? |
|
Definition
| Between 2 arteriols- Afferent and Efferent |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the nephron and how many do we have? |
|
Definition
| Over 1 million-function is to filter blood, remove toxins, form urine |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of the nephron? |
|
Definition
| Microscopic functional unti of kidney |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of nephron? |
|
Definition
| Cortical and Juxtamedullary |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the nephron is shorter loop o fhenle in the outer region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the nephron has corpuscles that are near the cortes and lop of helnle that goes down into medulla/pyramids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the long loops of Henle allow? |
|
Definition
| enable urine to be diluted or concentrated |
|
|
Term
| The nephron consists of the glomerulus. What is th definition of the glomerulus? |
|
Definition
| Finestrated capillarie 1,000 times as porous than other types of capillaries |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of arterioles in the glomerulus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which arteriole has angio tension and can constrict? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which arteriole has a vaso constricting substance? |
|
Definition
| Afferent arteriole of Glomerulus |
|
|
Term
| Which aretriole comes out of glomerulus and drains glomerulus-branches into peritubular capillaries for absorption- low pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which arteriold goes into glomerulus, feeds glomerulus. Has high resistance and high blood pressure and forces solutes and fluid out of blood into capsule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which arteriole comes out of glomerulus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which arteriole goes into glomerulus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a double walled cup that lies in the cortex of kidney- (visceral and parietal walls) |
|
Definition
| Bowmann's Glomerular capsule |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the bowmann's Glomerular capsule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the renal corpuscle made of? |
|
Definition
| Composed of glomerulus and Bowmann's capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proximal Convoluted tubule |
|
|
Term
| Waht is the function and structure of the PCT-Proximal convoluted Tubule? |
|
Definition
| Function- reabsorption of most of the water-begins to absorb the Na and s100% sugar- cuboidal epithelium with a brush border of micro villi |
|
|
Term
| Waht is the loop for countercurrent eschange that is simple squamous? |
|
Definition
| Loop of Henle- ascending and descending |
|
|
Term
| What is absorbed in loop of Henle? |
|
Definition
| Restof Na, water, and chloride |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the DCT-distal convoluted tubule, what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Fine tune water, elecrolyte cuboidal absorption |
|
|
Term
| What hormones and receptors are in the DCT-distal convoluted tubule? |
|
Definition
| Alsosterone and ADH sensitive receptors |
|
|
Term
| Waht two types of cells are in the DCT? |
|
Definition
| principle and intercallated |
|
|
Term
| If in acidosis, what does the DCT secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the collecting tubule, what hormone is active? |
|
Definition
| Aldosterone and ADH sensitive- ADH active in this tubule an some aldosterone |
|
|
Term
| What is the JGA Juxtaglomerular apparatus? |
|
Definition
| DCT contacts the afferent arteriole which serves a renal corpuscle |
|
|
Term
| What organ is the Macula densa part of? |
|
Definition
| Juxtaglomerular apparatus JGA |
|
|
Term
| What does the Macula densa in the JGA do? |
|
Definition
| Macula densa-modified cells of DCT sense osmolarity of filtrate |
|
|
Term
| Are the Juxtaglomerular cells part of the afferent or efferent arteriole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do teh Juxtaglomerular cells do? |
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle cells-sense changes in blood volume |
|
|
Term
| Where are renin granules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is vasoconstricting substance absorbed or released in teh JG cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Glomerular ENDOTHELIUM do and what is the structure? |
|
Definition
| Fenestrated poores are 50 to 100 nm- restricts passage of blood cells |
|
|
Term
| Waht does the basement membrand of glomerulus- parietal layer of capsule do? |
|
Definition
| Restricts passage of proteins |
|
|
Term
| Whicpart of endothelial capsular membrand restricts passage of blood cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of endothelial capsular membrand restricts passage of proteins? |
|
Definition
| Basement membrand of glomerulus |
|
|
Term
| Where is the capsular space in basement membrane of glomerulus? |
|
Definition
| Between parietal and visceral capsule layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized cells which contain numerous pedicels |
|
|
Term
| Where are filtration slits of podocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do th podocytes restrict |
|
Definition
| Passage of medium sized proteins |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 structural features of Renal Corpuscles which increse the filtration rate? |
|
Definition
-Blood pressure of capillaries-
-Lenght of glomerular capillaries
-Endothelial capsular membrand |
|
|
Term
| How do the blood pressure capillaries increase the glomerular filtration rate? |
|
Definition
| Afferent arteriold diameter larger than efferent arteriole, results in higher blood pressure than other capillary beds |
|
|
Term
| What structureal featur of the renal corpuscles that increases filtration rate has a vast surface area? |
|
Definition
| Length of glomerular capillaries |
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Term
| Describe the endothelial capsular membrane of renal corpuscles. |
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Definition
| very thin- 1000 x as porous- finestrated- 50 times leakier |
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Term
| What is the NFP- net filtration pressure determined by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is GBHP-Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure? |
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Definition
| Hydrostatic 60 mmHg, form blood towards capsule -promotes filtration |
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Term
| What is CHP Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure? |
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Definition
| 15mmHG goes back toward blood and opposes filtration |
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Term
| What is BCOP- Blood Colloid Osmotic Presure? |
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Definition
| 30mmHg goes back toward blood and opposes filtration |
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Term
| Which promotes filtration: GBHP, CHP, BCOP |
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Definition
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Term
| Which opposes filtration-GBHP, CHP, BCOP |
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Definition
| CHP and BCOP Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure and Blood Coloid Osmotic Pressure |
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Term
| What is the Net Filtration Pressure? |
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Definition
| 18mmHg from blood to capsule that is 2x that of other capillary regions |
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Term
| How much pressure is needed for Net filtrtion pressure to happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Filtration Fraction: |
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Definition
| 16 to 20% of plasma centrs the nephrons |
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Term
| Is the Glomerular Filtration Rate directly proportional to the NFP Net Filtration Pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the blood pressure increases, does the Glomerular Filtration Rate increase of decrease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whan degydration decreases blood pressure, what happens to the Glomerular Filtration Rate/ |
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Definition
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Term
| How much urine is excreted per day? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much volume is filtered per minute? |
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Definition
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Term
| how much volume is filtered per day? |
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Definition
| 180 liters or 48 gallons 60x the blood volume |
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Term
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Definition
| Daily urine output of less than 50 mL/day |
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Term
| What is Glomerulonephritis? |
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Definition
| Nehpropathy ound in HIV, diabetes, hypertension, fibrosis of lomerulus, extracellular build upof fibers increasing diffusion distance (distupting efficiency of exchange- TGF-bets-transforming growth factor-increased levels in damaged tissues |
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