Term
| What is cellular respiration? |
|
Definition
| Collection of metabolic reactions that breaks down food molecules to produce energy as ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| must have oxygen present to occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when there are no oxygen available |
|
|
Term
| Why is getting energy from the electrons important? |
|
Definition
| Used to drive ATP synthesis |
|
|
Term
| The substance from which the electrons were removed is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The substance that gained electrons is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any time electrons are transferred from one molecule to another, ? is released. This energy will be used for ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Be able to determine which molecule is being oxidized and reduced. |
|
Definition
| The one that has the Hydrogen (left side) *on test |
|
|
Term
| What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? |
|
Definition
| C_6H_12O_6 + 6 O_2 → 6 H_2 + 6 CO_2 |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of cellular respiration? |
|
Definition
Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the cytosol ( outside the mitochondria) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| matrix (inside mitochondria) |
|
|
Term
| Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxidative phosphorylation |
|
Definition
| cristae (in membrane of mitochondria) |
|
|
Term
| Stage 4 is broken down into two parts |
|
Definition
electron transfer system
chemiosmosis |
|
|
Term
| *for each glucose there are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basically, what is happening during glycolysis? |
|
Definition
| Sugar is being split in half |
|
|
Term
| What is substrate-level phosphorylation? |
|
Definition
| SLP – enbyme – catalyzed reaction that transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP |
|
|
Term
| If there are excess ATPs, how is cellular respiration stopped? |
|
Definition
| ATP binds to phosphofructokinase |
|
|
Term
| Basically, what is happening during pyruvate oxidation? |
|
Definition
| Removes CO_2 from pyruvate and oxidizes the remaining 2-carbon fragment to an acetyl group |
|
|
Term
| Basically, what is happening during the Krebs cycle? |
|
Definition
| Oxidize acetyl group completely to CO_2 |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the electrons picked up by NAD+ and FAD+? |
|
Definition
| Released into the electron transfer system of mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| Basically, what is happening during ETS? |
|
Definition
| Electrons release free energy used to build the H^+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane |
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to have a hydrogen gradient? |
|
Definition
| Without the hydrogen gradient, we’re not going to have ATP |
|
|
Term
| ETS has four protein complexes numbered I through IV. Within the protein complexes are individual electron carriers of ETS called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cytochromes carriers contain ?, which can ? |
|
Definition
| iron, easily accepts and donates electrons |
|
|
Term
| The final electron acceptor is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it important that this is found at the end of the ETS? |
|
Definition
| Able to pull electrons down through the ETS |
|
|
Term
| Complexes I, III, and IV will do what during ETS? |
|
Definition
| Transport protons (H+) from matrix to intermembrane space using the energy released by the electrons being shuttled through ETS |
|
|
Term
| This will create a proton motive force, which will provide energy for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The proton motive force will power ATP synthesis by ATP synthase by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many ATP total are produced during cellular respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many of those were produced by substrate-level phosphorylation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many of those were produced by oxidative phosphorylation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fermentation happens when |
|
Definition
| oxygen is absent or limited |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of fermentation? |
|
Definition
Lactate Fermemtaion
alcoholic fermentation |
|
|
Term
| Fermentation is the only source of ATP for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Either fermentation or cellular respiration can be used by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what must have oxygen because cellular respiration is their only source for ATP. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cellular respiration and fermentation use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fermentation produces ? ATP while CR produces up to ? ATP. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fermentation uses an ? as a final electron acceptor while CR uses ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fermentation occurs when there is ? and CR must have ? |
|
Definition
|
|
