Term
1. direct intracellular signaling
2. contact-dependent signaling
3. autocrine signaling
4. paracrine signaling
5. endocrine signaling |
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Definition
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Term
| direct intrecellular signaling |
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Definition
| cell junctions allow signaling molecules to pass from one cell to another |
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Term
| contact-dependent signaling |
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Definition
| some molecules are bound to the surface of cells and serve as signals to cells coming in contact with them |
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Definition
| cells secrete signaling molecules that bind to their own cell surface or neighboring cells of the same type |
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Term
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Definition
| signal does not affect cell secreting the signal but does influence cells in close proximity |
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Term
| endocrine signaling/hormone signaling |
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Definition
| signals (hormones) travel long distances and are usually longer lasting |
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Term
1. enzyme-linked receptors
2. G-protein receptors
3. ligand-gated ion channels |
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Definition
| 3 major types of cell surface receptors |
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Definition
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Definition
| due to structure or location; example: stretched rubberband |
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Definition
| occur without input of additional energy. it's not necessarily fast. they key factor is free energy change. |
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Definition
| negative free energy change; spontaneous |
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Definition
| positive free energy change; requires addition of free energy; not spontaneous |
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Definition
| measure of the disorder that cannot be harnessed to do work/unusable energy |
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Definition
| energy that can be converted to do work |
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Definition
| total energy (entropy + free energy) |
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Definition
| when one electron is removed from one molecule and is added to another |
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Definition
| agent that speeds up rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed during cell reaction |
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Definition
| initial input of energy to start reaction |
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Term
1. gene regulation
2. cell regulation
3. biochemical regulation |
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Definition
| 3 major ways cells regulate metabolic pathways |
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Definition
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Definition
| cell-signlaing pathways like hormones |
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Definition
| feedback inhibition-product of pathways inhibits early steps to prevent over-accumulation of product |
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Definition
| molecule binds to an active site and competes for active site; inhibits ability of a substrate to bind |
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Term
| noncompetitive inhibition |
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Definition
| lowers Vmax without affecting Km inhibitor binds to allorsteric site (the non-active site) |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of reactants; used for recycling DNA and proteins. Used to obtain energy for energonic reactions - energy stored in energy intermediates - ATP and NADH |
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Definition
| biosynthetic reactions; make large macromolecules or smaller molecules not available from food |
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Term
| energy investment, cleavage, and energy liberation |
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Definition
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Definition
| contains pigment molecules, forms thylakoids |
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Definition
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Definition
| fluid-filled region between thylakoid and inner membrane |
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Definition
| secondary metabolite that is an antioxidant with intense flavors and smells |
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Definition
| secondary metabolite; bitter-tasting molecules for defense |
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Definition
| secondary metabolite; intense smells and colors |
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Definition
| secondary metabolite; chemical weapons |
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Definition
| uses light energy (photon); takes place in thylakoid membranes; produces ATP, NADPH, and O2 |
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Definition
| occurs in stroma; uses ATP and NADPH to incorporate CO2 into organic molecules |
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Definition
| uses light at 700nm; primary role is to make ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| light excites e- in pigment molecules in PSI and PSII; falls in energy exciting other e- |
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Definition
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Term
| strength, structural support, organization and cell signaling |
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Definition
| roles performed by ECM in animals |
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Term
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Definition
| attach cells to each other and to the ECM - keeps them in place |
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Definition
| between adjacent cells in layer that prevent the leakage of material between cells |
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Definition
| channels that permit the direct exchange of ions and small molecules between cytosol of adjacent cells |
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Term
1. cell division
2. cell growth
3. differentiation
4. migration
5. apoptosis
6. cell connections |
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Definition
| cellular processes that create tissues and organs |
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Term
1. epithelial tissue
2. connective tissue
3. nervous tissue
4. muscle tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cells joined together forming continuous sheets to cover or line body surfaces |
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Definition
| recieves, generates, and conducts electrical signals |
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Definition
| receives, generates, and conducts electrical signals |
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Definition
| generates force that facilitates movement |
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Term
| transformation principle - Griffith |
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Definition
| took smooth and rough strain and infected the rough strain with bacteria and found that bacteria can pick up other genomes |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA was heritable material; not protein. bacteria was infected by DNA (blender) |
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Term
| AT/GC; A pairs with T; G pairs with C; keeps consistent width |
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Definition
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Term
| double stranded, helical, sugar-phosphate backbone, bases on the inside, stabilized by hydrogen bonding, base pairs with specific pairing |
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Definition
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Term
| Wastson and Crick and Wilkins |
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Definition
| proposed double helix structure in 1953 |
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Term
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Definition
| Who's x-rays suggested a helical structure with uniform diameter? |
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