The major gamma emitter used on campus is 125I and emits photons, which are wavelength in nature. The Beta emitters commonly used on campus are:3H, 32P, 35S and 14C. These emit positrons or electrons from the nucleus and these act as particles.
Definition
The major gamma emitter used on campus is _____ and emits ______, which are wavelength in nature. The Beta emitters commonly used on campus are: ______, ____, 35S and 14C. These emit positrons or ___________ from the nucleus that act as ___________. For further information on Radiation, here is a very useful EPA website http://www.epa.gov/radiation/understand/radiation.html
Term
photon, 125I
Definition
Which travels farther an electron or a photon? Which would travel farther, radioactive emissions from 32P or I125?
[image]
[image]
Term
Ci = amount, quantity eV = energy emitted R = Roentgens = exposure to air REM = roentgen equivalent Rad = roentgen, absorbed dose
Definition
Match the term with the unit: amount or quantity, dose, energy emitted, exposure (in air or gas) Ci = eV = R = REM= Rad =
Term
teratogenic
Definition
An effect of radiation that harms a fetus is called
Term
half-life
Definition
The amount of time for half of the atoms in a radioactive material to decay is called its ________.
Term
Definition
If 32P has a half life of 14 days and 35S has a half life close to 90 days, which one decays faster?
Term
time, distance, shielding decrease time exposed, increase distance from source, use proper shielding
Definition
The three principles used to protect yourself against EXTERNAL radiation exposure are
Term
factor of 16 or 1/16th
Definition
If you increase your distance from a radioactive source by a factor of 4 how much do you decrease your dose?
Term
32P use plexiglas 125I use thin lead high energy, lead bricks
Definition
When choosing the correct shielding for an isotope, you would use ____________ for the high energy beta emitter P32, and use _______ shielding for the low energy gamma emitter 125I. For high energy gamma emitters, (such as cobalt-60 or cesium-137), use ______ _______.
Term
Lead would make it more dangerous giving extra Bremsstrahlung. With plexiglass the rate of deceleration of electrons is slower - better shielding.
Definition
Why is it so important to use the correct shielding with P32?
Term
3H (tritium), 14C, 35S
Definition
For the low energy beta emitters, ____, ____ and ____, no extra shielding is required as long as you are wearing appropriate PPE. However, in vitro protein labeling with 35S methionine or cysteine should be performed in a Biosafety cabinet or fume hood and activated charcoal should be used in the incubator to trap 35S-volatiles and reduce contamination.
Term
lab coat, gloves, eye protection, long pants, closed toed shoes
Definition
When working with radioactive substances you are required to wear
Term
absorbent paper
Definition
When working with radioactivity you are required to cover working surfaces with_____________ .
Term
labels, signs
Definition
In all labs where radiation is used,________ must be placed on doors, work areas, contaminated equipment, storage areas, and waste containers.
Term
portable survey, battery, slowly, removable
Definition
After each use of 14C, 32P, 35S and 125I, contamination surveys must be conducted using a ______ ______ meter. There are different types (geiger-mueller, sodium iodide crystal, ion chamber) that work best with different radioisotopes. To perform these surveys correctly, you must FIRST check the ________ when you turn it on, then sweep the meter ________ over work and storage areas, all equipment used, your gloves, lab coat, sleeves and if you had a spill, check your shoes! When working with 3H you can NOT use a meter and must check for __________ radioactivity using a liquid scintillation counter.
Term
so other people are not accidentally contaminated and so contamination is not unintentionally spread by other people.
Definition
You MUST clean up any contamination when you are done working with radioisotopes. In the case of a spill, if you BRIEFLY leave the area why do you need to mark the area? Please give 2 reasons:
Term
lab manager or supervisor
Definition
If an accident happens, you are required to notify your __ or _______. Choose all that apply
Term
month, 3-6 months
Definition
Swipe tests for removable contamination are performed and documented every ____, and EHS does a lab survey every __________.
Term
waste-type and half-life
Definition
Referring to the Radioactive Waste guidelines website http://www.ehs.uci.edu/programs/enviro/rwasteguidelines.html#labeling you must segregate radioisotopes by __ ___ and _ _____
Term
False
Definition
It is permitted to dispose of radioactive materials in a sink or trashcan or to reduce the volume by evaporation to save money and time.
True
False
Term
eye protection, face
Definition
UV is non-ionizing radiation. When visualizing DNA or RNA in Ethidium bromide gels with a UV light, in addition to gloves and a lab coat, you must wear ____ ________ and it is a good idea to wear a ____ shield.
