Term
| Just like plants, most animals are autotrophic, right? |
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Definition
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Term
| About how many million species of animals are known to exist? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most animal species are invertebrates. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most animals exhibit bilateral symmetry. What type of symmetry is exhibited by things like starfish? |
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Definition
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Term
| What animal is responsible for producing most of the limestone that exists on Earth |
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Definition
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Term
| We don’t get tapeworms from chicken meat, so is eating under-cooked chicken safe? |
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Definition
| No, because we can still get salmonella and food poisoning from under-cooked food |
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Term
| What phylum of animals was first to have a complete digestive system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phylum of animals was the first to have organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phylum of animals was the first to have tissues? |
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Definition
| Cindarians (Sea Anemone, Coral) |
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Term
| What phylum of animals has no tissues or organs and also lacks symmetry? |
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Definition
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Term
1. What does “coelum” mean?
2. What phylum of animals was the first to have coelomate bodies? |
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Definition
1. Body Cavity
2. Mollusks were first to have them |
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Term
| There are 11 phyla of animals, ranging from the sponges to the “highest form,” the |
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Definition
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Term
Blood flukes are flatworms that cause shistosomiasis in humans, especially in developing countries.
What other animal is involved in the reproductive cycle of blood flukes |
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Definition
| A certain kind of snail is involved in the reproductive cycle of blood flukes. |
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Term
| While there may be fewer species of them, how does the number of individual roundworms (nematodes) on Earth compare to the number of insects? |
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Definition
| More species of insects but more #'s of these |
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Term
| One kind of roundworm plugs the lymph system of humans, leading to a disease called |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major way in which humans get tapeworms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What slimy little garden creature is a common example of the mollusk phylum of animals |
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Definition
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Term
| The annelid phylum is composed of creatures with segmented bodies. What type of annelid is seen on MSU sidewalks in the early spring months after rainy nights? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which phylum makes up over half of the total known species of animals in the world? (Insects are part of this phylum!) |
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Definition
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Term
| What “crustacean” is included in the name of a U.S. national restaurant chain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does a millipede really have a thousand legs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Besides having a backbone, some sort of major nerve cord, a pharynx for breathing and eating, what else do vertebrates have (at least in the embryonic stage)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the first vertebrates on land? |
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Definition
| Amphibians (Hint: They still need water to moisten their skins and to reproduce.) |
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Term
| Reptiles likely arose from amphibians. Do reptiles have to rely on water for fertilization of eggs? |
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Definition
| No, internal fertilization |
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Term
| Are the shells of reptilian eggs hard or soft? |
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Definition
| Soft and leathery, not hard like bird eggshell |
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Term
| Of all organisms, birds are the only ones with feathers |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals get their name from the Latin word, “mamma,” which means what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only mammal that can truly fly? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Placental animals are mammals, but marsupial animals aren’t, right? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the greatest concentration of marsupial species today? |
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Definition
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Term
| In placental animals, does the mother’s blood mix with that of the fetus? |
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Definition
| No, exchanges things without exchanging blood |
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Term
| Of the 2,000,000 known species of animals, most are _______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The study of living things and their interactions with each other and their environment |
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Term
| What is the difference between an ecologist and an environmentalist? |
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Definition
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Term
| When one species of organisms is eliminated from the biosphere, why are other species affected? |
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Definition
| Every animal interacts in some way |
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Term
| A “population” of a species is whatever we define it to be, right? |
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Definition
| Right, WE DEFINE what a population is |
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Term
| An ecosystem includes the organisms and all of the abiotic factors. What does abiotic mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the word “niche” mean? |
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Definition
| The position or function of an organism in a community of plants and/or animals |
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Term
| What are the four major ways in which species interact? |
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Definition
1. Predations: Keeps the ecosystem in balance
2. Parasitism: One benefits, the other loses
3. Mutualism: Each benefit (Symbiosis)
4. Commensalism: One benefits w/o hurting the other |
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Term
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Definition
| One benefits w/o hurting the other |
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Term
| What is implied by the word, “sustainability?” |
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Definition
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Term
| What is implied by the word, “sustainability?” |
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Definition
| Sustainability is living off the “interest” and not from the capital |
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Term
| Technically speaking, is littering environmental degradation? |
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Definition
| No, Environmental Degradation is When use of a resource exceeds the replacement rate |
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Term
| What is the difference between “point” and “non-point” pollutants? Which is easier to handle? |
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Definition
1. Point Source: Specific source can be identified ex. Factory
2. Non-point source: Source may be multiple and harder to identify |
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Term
| What are the three major factors that determine how harmful a pollutant is? |
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Definition
| Toxicity, Concentration, and Persistence |
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Term
| What was Rev. Thomas Malthus’ theory about population and food supply? |
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Definition
| Rev Thomas Malthus theory was population would increase geometrically and food supply would increase arithmetically |
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Term
| Why was Malthus not correct about the date at which mass starvation would occur? |
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Definition
| He didn't anticipate all the technology and stuff. |
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Term
| How many more people are born than die each second? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many more people are born than die each second? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was Malthus not correct about the date at which mass starvation would occur? |
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Definition
| He didn't anticipate all the technology and stuff. |
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Term
| About what portion of the population growth in the next 25 years will occur in developing countries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the upper limit (%) of population growth in the human species? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what two areas of the world are population increases causing the most problems? |
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Definition
| Central America and Africa |
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Term
| Can we feed all of the people in the world in the year 2020? (Careful!!!!) |
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Definition
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Term
| From a latitude standpoint, where do 2/3 of the world’s people live? With respect to that area, where is most of the food produced? |
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Definition
1. Tropics (25 to 25)
2. 30-45 degrees north |
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Term
| What type of “reproductive strategy” is characterized by long lives of individuals that respond to a fixed amount of resources? |
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Definition
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Term
| Flies, mosquitoes, rats, (and many others), all have what kind of reproductive strategy? |
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Definition
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Term
| From an environmental niche standpoint, are humans “generalists” or “specialists?” |
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Definition
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Term
| In the environmental degradation equation, PxAxT, what does each letter represent? |
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Definition
| P = population, A = amount of resources used per person, T = level of technology |
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Term
| There is a very high correlation between population, poverty and environmental degradation! |
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Definition
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Term
Would you rather live in a country with a pyramidal or one with a columnar population growth
function? |
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Definition
| Columnar (Like U.S., Canada and Australia). PYRAMID BAD! |
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Term
| What is the fertility rate for zero population growth in developing countries? In developed countries? |
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Definition
- 2.1 for developed countries
- 2.5 for developing countries |
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Term
| What are the two major reasons for increasing the educational levels of women in developing countries? |
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Definition
| 1) Control the population and 2) Produce 50-80% of the food in developing countries |
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Term
| Women are responsible for producing about how much of the food in developing countries? |
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Definition
| Produce 50-80% of the food in developing countries |
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Term
| Please name a lot of environmental degradation problems for which humans (and population growth) are responsible. |
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Definition
| Air pollution, Water pollution, food production issues, wastes (solids and hazardous) and Biodiversity Depletion |
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Term
| What is the troposphere? Is that were the ozone layer is? |
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Definition
- Lowest layer of atmosphere. Where weather occurs.
- NO |
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Term
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Definition
| Near the earths surface, ozone is bad because it's an air pollutant and causes problems. In the stratosphere, ozone is good because it serves as a filter. |
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Term
| Is the production of global warming gases an east-west or a north-south problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why will malaria incidence likely increase with global warming? |
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Definition
| Longer summer (higher temps) = increased chances of mosquitos being active |
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Term
| About how fast are the rain forests disappearing? |
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Definition
| Every year, 50 million acres. football field is lost every second |
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Term
| What is the relationship between population, wealth and use of natural resources between developed and developing countries? |
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Definition
Developed countries have
20% of the worlds population
85% of the worlds wealth
90% of natural resources
Generate 75% of pollution and wastes & 90% of toxic wastes |
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Term
| What sector is responsible for the majority of solid wastes produced in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the number one ground water pollutant in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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Term
| About what percent of the water on Earth is salt water in oceans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the word “riparian” mean? |
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Definition
| It means water. Has to do with water rights |
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Term
| Is the Ogallala aquifer in the central U.S. one that is readily rechargeable? |
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Definition
| No, 6,000 years to replace. More than half already used up. |
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Term
| How much of the fresh water in the world is found in the five Great Lakes of the U.S.? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are monocropping, desertification, waterlogging and salinization? |
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Definition
Monocropping: Growing only one crop on an area of land
Desertification: Degradation of land with a decrease in productivity
Waterlogging: [Flooding] Too much irrigation and not enough draining
Salinization: Soil has too much salt content due to salts left from evaporation of irrigation water |
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Term
| How does the literacy rate of women compare to that of men in most developing countries? |
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Definition
| Men's literacy rate is almost always significantly higher |
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Term
| What is the major global warming gas? What are the two main sources of increases in this gas? |
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Definition
1. C02
2. Burning coal and petroleum and Slash and Burn Agriculture |
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Term
| Besides water vapor, what are the five “greenhouse effect” gases in our atmosphere? |
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Definition
1. Carbon Dioxide
2. Methane
3. Nitrous Oxide
4. Ozone
5. CFC's |
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Term
| What is the major source of methane pollution in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three main causes of biodiversity depletion in the world? |
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Definition
1. Introduced (non-native) species
2. Overexploitation: Due to commercial fishing, killing animals that prey on livestock, trophy hunting
3. Habitat Destruction |
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Term
| What human activities are happening in many large animal preserves that are ruining the habitats that were set up to protect endangered species of animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| The population of pandas in China is increasing in the Wolong Nature Reserve in China. |
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Definition
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Term
| About what percent of the species of soil bacteria have been classified? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is classifying the unknown soil bacteria and learning more about them a good idea? |
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Definition
Soil bacteria may be beneficial to humans
Using bacteria to clean up toxic materials cuts time and costs in HALF |
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Term
| What’s “bad” about monocropping, especially in LDCs? |
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Definition
| It leaves soil bare for part of the year, so rainfall can cause soil erosion |
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Term
| What industry is responsible for about 2/3 of the world’s annual fresh water use? |
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Definition
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Term
| What portion of the world’s population earns only about $1 U.S. dollar per year? |
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Definition
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Term
| What portion of the world’s population earns only about $2 U.S. dollars per year? |
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Definition
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Term
| When discussing pesticides in the environment, what is “biological magnification?” |
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Definition
| Biological magnification in an increasing concentration of a pollutant as you move up the trophic level |
|
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Term
| Is a detritivor autotrophic or heterotrophic |
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Definition
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Term
| What is your ISB 202 instructor’s one-word answer to most of the problems humans face? |
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Definition
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