Term
|
Definition
| Leukocyte: white blood cells |
|
|
Term
| WHat is specific and non specific for leukocytes? |
|
Definition
Nonspecific- macrophages, NK cells, mast cells
Specific- lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| How many classes of leukocytes are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the classes of leukocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the job of T cells? |
|
Definition
| 1. T CELLS – recognize antigens |
|
|
Term
What kinds of helper T cells are there?
Where do Helper T cells mature? |
|
Definition
a. 3 kinds- helper, suppressor and cytotoxic (killer)
b. Mature in the thymus |
|
|
Term
| WHat is the job of B cells |
|
Definition
| B CELLS – produce antibodies; can also recognize antigens |
|
|
Term
What are activated B cells called?
What is each B cell specific for?
Where do they mature? |
|
Definition
a. Activated B cells are called plasma cells (type of effector cell)
b. Each B cell is specific for one antigen, thus each B cell makes only one type of antibody
c. Mature in the bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| B. What are the four fundamental characteristics of the Immune system? |
|
Definition
Four fundamental characteristics:
1. adaptively. Adapting to foreign invaders
2. specific: distinguishing within immune system via amino acids
3. memory: allow rapid response after the primary response
4. self form non-self recognition: prevent autoimmune disease |
|
|
Term
| Name the Defense mechanisms. Which are specific and which are non specific? |
|
Definition
i. Nonspecific
First line of defense: skin, mucous membranes and secretions, and anti-microbial proteins (complement proteins: lysis of phagocytes & Interferons: inhibit viral replication
Second line of defense: Phagocytes NK cells, inflammatory response
ii. Specific
Immune system; third line of defense; lymphocytes and antibodies |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of active immunity |
|
Definition
| Active immunity: comes from a response to an infectious disease (may be acquired naturally from an infection or artificially by vaccination) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passive immunity: an individual is injected with antibodies to fight an infectious disease (is usually temporary) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antigen: a molecule or substance that will raise an immune response (e.g. a digested virus protein) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antibody: Y-shaped proteins composed of a variable region (binds to different antigens) and a constant region (helps eliminate bound antigen)
• Each individual antibody specifically recognizes and binds to one particular antigen (antibody/antigen = lock/key) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cytokines: growth factors that stimulate the division of lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Major Histocompatibility Complex: a group of glycoproteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells that can associate with a variety of antigens. |
|
|
Term
How many classes of MHC are in the body?
What are the MHC classes? What do the MHC classes do? |
|
Definition
Two main classes of MHC in the body:
1. Class I – on all nucleated cells of the body (everything except platelets and RBCs)
2. Class II - only on specialized cells, macrophages, B cells and activated T cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effector cells: the cells that actually defend the body during an immune response (activated B and T cells) |
|
|
Term
| What is clonal selection? |
|
Definition
| Clonal selection: division and proliferation of a specific lymphocyte needed to eliminate the antigen that provoked the initial immune response |
|
|
Term
| When does the primary immune response occur? |
|
Definition
| Primary immune response: the initial division of specific lymphocytes (clonal selection) during the body’s initial exposure to the antigen. |
|
|
Term
| What does the secondary immune response occur? |
|
Definition
| Secondary immune response: occurs when the body is re-exposed to the same antigen (response is much faster and more prolonged) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Memory: ability to recognize a previously encountered antigen (memory cells function in the secondary immune response) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Self-tolerance: the lack of destructive immune response to your own cells
• At birth, any cells that have receptors for molecules present in the body are destroyed |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major types of immune responses? |
|
Definition
TWO MAJOR TYPES OF IMMUNE RESPONSES:
cell mediated and hummoral |
|
|
Term
| What do the two major immune responses do? |
|
Definition
1. Cell mediated – lymphocytes bind to antigens and promote their destruction
2. Humoral – antibodies bind to antigens and promote their destruction |
|
|
