intracellular

fluid found inside cells

Extracellular

fluid found outside of cells, but within the body; includes subcomponents:

Interstitial

fluid surronding cells

Blood

fluid within blood vessels

Lymph

fluid within lymph vessels

Transcellular Fluid

created by filtering across membrane (usually created from blood and returns to blood) i.e. synovial fluid

Disease

homeostatic imbalance in your body

Health promotion or prevention

awareness of well-being and strategies to maintain that

Subjective Data

clients perception of their health

Objective Data

examiners perception

inspection, percussion, palpation, ausculation

inspection- looking at the patient without touching, redness and swelling

percussion- tapping to hear the change in sounds

paplation- feeling with your hands for bumps or liver enlargement

ausculation- listening via stethoscope

Temperature

Normal Range: 36-38

Hypothermia: greater than 36

Pyrexia(fever): 38-41

Hyperpyrexia: less than 41

Blood is a suspension and a

colloid

Human red blood cells contain intracellular fluid that is osmotically similiar to _________ NaCl, which is known as normal saline

0.90%

A solution that is hypertonic to RBC's contains _______ solute particles and ________ water molecules than blood

more, fewer

If RBC's are surronded by hypertonic solution, water will tend to move _____ them, so they will ___________.

out of, crenate

Buffers

the chemical compounds that can convert strong acids and bases into weak ones. They do so by removing or adding protons.

Physical Appearance

age, sex, level of conciousness, skin color, facial features

Body Structure

stature, nutrition, symmetry, posture, position, body build, contour

Mobility

Gait, Range of motion

Behavior

Facial expession, mood and affect, speech, dress, personal hygiene

Thyroid gland

made up of galanger epithelial tissue and is an example of an endocrine gland

Purpose of Capillary Network

1. Temperature Regulation

2. Provides oxygen and nutrients to lower part of the dermis

keratin

affects the skin agaisnt heat, abbrasion, microbes, and chemicals

Lipids

inhibit evaporation of water, guarding against dehydration, also retard entry of water across the skin surface during showers and swim

Sebum

keeps skin and hairs from drying out

pH

Retards the growth of some microbes

Macrophages

picks up bacteria and virus's that get passed the Langerhan cells by phagocytoses

Synthesis of vitamin D steps:

1. Calcitriol helps with the absorption of calcium from foods in the digestive tract into the blood

2. Activation of a precursor molecule in the skin by UV rays

3. Enzymes in the liver and kidneys modify the activated molecule, producing calcitriol, in the most active form of Vitamin D

Mobility of the skin

Turgor:

Mobility is how easily the skin moves

Turgor is the ability to return to place, an indication of the elasticity of the skin

If lesions are present what should be noted about them:

colour, elevation, pattern or shape, size and location and distrubtion on body

Patch

larger than 1 cm, flat, colour different than skin

Plaque

thickening of the epidermis, width greater than 1 cm

Tumour

larger than a few centimeters in width, may be firm or soft, often extend into the dermal area, may be malignant or benign

Wheal

Superficial, raised, reddenend, slightly irregular in shape

Papule

Something that can be felt caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis, less than a cm wide

Macule

Solely a color change, flat, or less than a cm

Nodule

Solid, raised, may be hard or soft, larger than a cm