Term
The term biosphere refers to the parts of Earth that contain
A. freshwater environments.
B. living things.
C. land masses.
D. greater biodiversity. |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best describes Earth's biodiversity?
A. greater in consistently warm areas
B. greater toward Earth's poles
C. greater according to energy needs
D. greater where temperatures are most variable |
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Definition
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Term
An individual living thing is called a(n)
A. species.
B. cell.
C. atom.
D. organism. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of these characteristics is shared by all living things?
A. They are made up of one or more cells.
B. They make their own chemical energy.
C. They have similar responses to light.
D. They reproduce when one cell divides into two. |
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Definition
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Term
The basic unit of life is
A. the cell.
B. an atom.
C. DNA.
D. a species. |
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Definition
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Term
At all levels of life, when related parts interact to form a whole they form a
A. biosphere.
B. species.
C. cell.
D. system. |
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Definition
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Term
Which statement best explains why the shape of teeth differs according to the diet of a species?
A. Individual parts must work together.
B. Organisms interact with other organisms.
C. Structure and function are related in biology.
D. Organisms must maintain homeostasis. |
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Definition
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Term
The maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism is known as
A. homeostasis.
B. negative feedback.
C. structure specialization.
D. adaptation. |
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Definition
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Term
Which aspects of life on Earth are accounted for by evolution?
A. diversity and unity
B. interaction and conflict
C. lack of genetic and physical change
D. divergence of structure and function |
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Definition
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Term
A beneficial inherited trait that is passed on to future generations is a(n)
A. stimulus.
B. adaptation.
C. system.
D. homeostatic mechanism. |
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Definition
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Term
Which word best describes a scientific hypothesis?
A. provable
B. theoretical
C. testable
D. quantifiable |
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Definition
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Term
At which stage of scientific inquiry would scientists find out if their hypotheses
were supported by their data?
A. observing
B. testing hypotheses
C. analyzing data
D. evaluating results |
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Definition
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Term
In an experiment, the condition that is manipulated by a scientist is the
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. constant.
D. control condition. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an important characteristic of a scientific theory?
A. proven by more than one scientist
B. unchanged by new evidence
C. accepted by the public
D. supported by much evidence |
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Definition
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Term
One way in which experimental research differs from observational research
is that only experimental research can
A. test a hypothesis.
B. produce scientific results.
C. support a theory.
D. show cause and effect. |
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Definition
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Term
An electron microscope would be the best choice for viewing
A. live bacteria.
B. human ligaments.
C. details of cell structure.
D. a person's brain activity. |
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Definition
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Term
An injury that affects a ligament rather than a bone is likely to be examined using
A. magnetic resonance imaging.
B. x-rays.
C. computer modeling.
D. transmission electron microscopy. |
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Definition
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Term
Complex studies, such as those that investigate disease transmission in humans, often use which of the following methods?
A. multiple lab experiments
B. computer modeling
C. magnetic resonance imaging
D. human testing |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best defines a gene?
A. basic unit of life
B. segment of DNA
C. slice of a specimen
D. inherited trait |
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Definition
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Term
Data mining contributes to the field of genomics by finding
A. specimens on which to experiment.
B. images of organisms.
C. models of complex systems.
D. patterns within data. |
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Definition
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Term
Knowledge of biology can promote advances by helping all people make
A. strong opinions.
B. informed decisions.
C. profitable products.
D. individual values. |
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Definition
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Term
The use and application of living things and biological processes is known as
A. medical research.
B. human biology.
C. epidemiology.
D. biotechnology. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an example of transgenic organisms?
A. bacteria that produce human insulin
B. microorganisms that produce cheese
C. yeast used to produce bread
D. algae that produce hydrogen gas |
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Definition
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Term
Biotechnology raises ethical questions, primarily concerning the
A. safety of eating transgenic plants.
B. wisdom of continuing to use technology.
C. ways in which knowledge should be used.
D. best use of funds for biological research. |
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Definition
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Term
Which is a true statement about biology's unanswered questions?
A. unlikely to change anything
B. many remain unasked
C. few existed in the past
D. rarely depend on technology |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best describes atoms?
A. single-celled organism
B. smallest basic units of matter
C. parts of a nucleus
D. positively charged particles |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means?
A. element
B. compound
C. molecule
D. bond |
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Definition
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Term
What is a compound?
A. two atoms of a single element bonded together
B. atoms of different elements bonded together in certain ratios
C. separate atoms of multiple elements in varying ratios
D. a molecule of two oxygen atoms |
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Definition
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Term
An ion is formed when an atom gains or loses
A. protons.
B. neutrons.
C. bonds.
D. electrons. |
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Definition
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Term
Atoms connected by covalent bonds share
A. pairs of electrons.
B. ionic compounds.
C. carbon and oxygen.
D. hydrogen ions. |
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Definition
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Term
Hydrogen bonds can form between regions of polar molecules that are
A. nonpolar.
B. negatively charged.
C. oppositely charged.
D. uncharged (neutral). |
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Definition
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Term
The attraction among molecules of different substances is called
A. cohesion.
B. adhesion.
C. specific heat.
D. surface tension. |
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Definition
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Term
Why is water necessary to your body?
A. It prevents large changes in blood pH.
B. It dissolves and transports substances.
C. It dissolves nonpolar fats and oils.
D. It forms the solutes in blood plasma. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following phrases best describes a solvent?
A. has a high concentration of solutes
B. can be dissolved by the solute
C. present in a greater concentration than solutes
D. usually a sugar or a protein |
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Definition
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Term
A solution with a high concentration of H+ ions
A. shows a pH of 7.
B. kills all organisms.
C. has a high pH.
D. is very acidic. |
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Definition
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Term
Carbon is unique due to the carbon atom's
A. bonding properties.
B. six outer unpaired electrons.
C. ionic compounds.
D. hydrogen bonding strength. |
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Definition
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Term
Which category of carbon-based molecules includes sugars and starches?
A. unsaturated fatty acids
B. phospholipids
C. proteins
D. carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all types of
A. cell membranes.
B. hormones.
C. lipids.
D. fatty acids. |
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Definition
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Term
Proteins are composed of which molecules?
A. amino acids
B. fatty acids
C. monosaccharides
D. nucleic acid |
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Definition
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Term
DNA and RNA are two types of
A. proteins.
B. nucleic acids.
C. lipids.
D. carbohydrates. |
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Definition
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Term
Chemical reactions change substances into different substances by
A. conserving matter between the substances.
B. breaking and forming chemical bonds.
C. strengthening electrical charges of substances.
D. changing a solvent into a solute. |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the reactants in the following chemical reaction: 6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2
A. 6H2O and 6CO2
B. 6CO2 and C6H12O6
C. 6H2O, C6H12O6, and 6O2
D. C6H12O2 and 6O6 |
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Definition
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Term
The double arrows tell you that the following reaction CO2 + H2O H2CO3
A. takes place very rapidly.
B. is very unstable.
C. occurs in both directions.
D. has high bond energies. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the term for the amount of energy that needs to be added for a chemical reaction to start?
A. chemical energy
B. activation energy
C. bond energy
D. reactant energy |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best describes an exothermic chemical reaction?
A. does not absorb any energy
B. forms products with higher bond energy than reactants
C. is in a state of equilibrium
D. releases more energy than it absorbs |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best describes the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction? A. increases the temperature
B. increases the volume of reactants
C. decreases the reaction rate
D. decreases the activation energy |
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Definition
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Term
Which statement best describes the graph shown? http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=A+GRAPH+THAT+SHOWS+Less+energy+is+needed
+to+start+reaction+B.&cbir=ms&mid=5C805D4B1EDA1
BCE3372E2DFD7A6F279D2420F8B&Form=IMSFRD&vw=b94de%206c8ea%20be789%2060ee3%206d9ae%20e225b%20df6de%2066d22%2016a35%20b95bf%206d7a1%20bc323%205abfb%20b4506%201e144%20aea91%206d8e1%208342f%20f3042%2075bde%20ef5ffadcc25a8085ec12e6f6ddb9e3d590a5d5655ed9
abb7f6306a9b54235d564bd9a4b302ae6ffcbb303c19875
befdaec4c&rxc=12
A. More energy is released by the original reaction.
B. Less energy is needed to start reaction B.
C. The original reaction is catalyzed.
D. Reaction B occurs at a slower rate. |
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Definition
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Term
Enzymes affect chemical reactions in living organisms by
A. changing the direction of a reaction.
B. breaking down molecules into starch.
C. increasing the temperature range.
D. weakening bonds in reactants. |
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Definition
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Term
The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on are called
A. catalysts.
B. proteins.
C. substrates.
D. amino acids. |
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Definition
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Term
Changes in temperature and pH can decrease an enzyme's activity by breaking
A. hydrogen bonds.
B. peptide bonds.
C. amino acids.
D. sulfur-sulfur bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientists?
A. magnifying glass
B. lens
C. eyeglasses
D. compound microscope |
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Definition
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Term
The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life; and
A. all existing cells form by free-cell formation.
B. all cells are eukaryotic.
C. all existing cells are produced by other living cells.
D. all cells have a nucleus. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the term for the jellylike substance that is contained inside the cell membrane?
A. cytoplasm
B. DNA
C. organelle
D. nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell does not have
A. DNA.
B. a cell membrane.
C. cytoplasm.
D. a nucleus. |
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Definition
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Term
Specialized structures that work together inside a cell are called
A. organelles.
B. prokaryotes.
C. eukaryotes.
D. nuclei. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a network of proteins that supports and gives shape to a cell?
A. vesicles
B. vacuole
C. cytoskeleton
D. cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
A. communicate with other cells
B. convert solar energy to chemical energy
C. process and deliver proteins
D. copy genetic material |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following organelles can be found in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A. mitochondria
B. centrosomes
C. ribosomes
D. centrioles |
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Definition
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Term
Which organelle contains enzymes that break down damaged cell parts?
A. centriole
B. lysosomes
C. vacuole
D. mitochondria |
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Definition
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Term
What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?
A. Animal cells are eukaryotes and plant cells are not.
B. Plant cells are eukaryotes and animal cells are not.
C. Animal cells have cell walls and chloroplasts; plant cells do not.
D. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts; animal cells do not. |
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Definition
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Term
Which model did scientists develop to describe the cell membrane?
A. phospholipid model
B. dynamic model
C. fluid mosaic model
D. transport model |
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Definition
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Term
Which word best describes the structure of the cell membrane?
A. layered
B. rigid
C. impermeable
D. nonpolar |
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Definition
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Term
What is a phospholipid composed of?
A. a polar head and a nonpolar tail
B. a nonpolar head and a polar tail
C. a polar head and tail
D. a nonpolar head and tail |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best describes the property of selective permeability?
A. some molecules pass
B. all ions pass
C. large molecules pass
D. all molecules pass |
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Definition
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Term
A ligand produces a response in a cell if it finds the right kind of
A. carbohydrate.
B. hormone.
C. membrane.
D. receptor. |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best describes passive transport?
A. requires transport proteins
B. requires no energy from the cell
C. requires an isotonic solution
D. requires facilitation by enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
Water moves into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is
A. hypertonic.
B. hypotonic.
C. isotonic.
D. concentrated |
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Definition
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Term
What is the term for the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane?
A. osmosis
B. equilibrium
C. transport
D. isotonic |
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Definition
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Term
The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient through transport proteins in the cell membrane is a type of
A. selective transport.
B. osmosis.
C. energy expenditure.
D. facilitated diffusion. |
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Definition
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Term
The difference in the concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called a
A. concentration gradient.
B. concentrated solution.
C. saline solution.
D. dynamic gradient. |
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Definition
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Term
Unlike passive transport, active transport requires
A. concentration gradients.
B. diffusion.
C. energy from the cell.
D. vesicles. |
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Definition
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Term
Which process uses proteins to move molecules against a concentration gradient?
A. active transport
B. passive transport
C. endocytosis
D. phagocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
Cells use active transport proteins to
A. obtain molecules they need.
B. break down molecules.
C. engulf large particles.
D. detect the charge of molecules. |
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Definition
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Term
A membrane-bound sac used to transport substances into and out of cells is a
A. pump.
B. macrophage.
C. lysosome.
D. vesicle. |
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Definition
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Term
Which process is used to release insulin from pancreatic cells into the bloodstream?
A. exocytosis
B. endocytosis
C. active transport
D. passive transport |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is true for all cells?
A. They use solar energy.
B. They use photosynthesis.
C. They use chemical energy.
D. They use chemosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best describes the function of the ATP molecule?
A. stores energy
B. carries energy
C. absorbs energy
D. converts energy |
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Definition
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Term
Where does the chemical energy to produce ATP come from?
A. the conversion of ATP to ADP
B. the use of chemicals from the environment to build sugars
C. the addition of a phosphate group to ATP
D. the breakdown of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules |
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Definition
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Term
Energy is released from an ATP molecule for cellular processes when it
A. has a phosphate group removed.
B. stores an extra phosphate group.
C. converts a phosphate group to ADP.
D. produces a sugar molecule |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the source of energy used in chemosynthesis?
A. sunlight
B. heat from hydrothermal vents
C. chemical compounds
D. amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements best describes the process of photosynthesis?
A. Plants use oxygen to make simple sugars.
B. Chlorophyll builds sugars in the thylakoid membrane.
C. Light breaks down water molecules and releases carbon dioxide.
D. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the term for an organism that makes its own source of chemical energy?
A. decomposer
B. producer
C. chloroplast
D. protist |
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Definition
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Term
The main light-absorbing molecules found in plant leaves are called
A. chloroplasts.
B. thylakoids.
C. chlorophyll.
D. grana. |
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Definition
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Term
The function of light-dependent reactions is to
A. build sugars.
B. capture and transfer energy.
C. release carbon dioxide.
D. form water molecules. |
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Definition
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Term
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis need
A. carbon dioxide.
B. oxygen.
C. water.
D. cellulose. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following takes place in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
A. Sugars are made.
B. Energy is captured.
C. Chlorophyll is pumped.
D. CO2 is formed. |
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Definition
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Term
Where do the hydrogen ions for the photosystems of light-dependent reactions come from?
A. sugars
B. sunlight
C. acids
D. water |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best describes the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?
A. a chain of photosynthetic proteins located in the stroma
B. a collection of enzymes used to make ADP
C. a series of proteins located in the thylakoid membrane
D. a group of enzymes that carries energy to the Calvin cycle |
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Definition
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Term
In light-independent reactions of photosynthesis,
A. CO2 enters the Calvin cycle and sugars are made.
B. H2O is broken down and oxygen is released.
C. NADPH is produced and transferred to photosystem I.
D. electrons are energized and used to pump H+ ions. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the relationship between the photosystems and the Calvin cycle?
A. The photosystems produce ATP synthase for the Calvin cycle.
B. The photosystems transfer hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle.
C. The photosystems transfer energy to the Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH.
D. The photosystems build sugars with the carbon dioxide produced by the Calvin cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following types of organisms uses cellular respiration for their cellular energy needs?
A. eukaryotes
B. plants only
C. animals only
D. prokaryotes |
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Definition
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Term
Which process breaks down sugars to make ATP when oxygen is present?
A. anaerobic respiration
B. cellular respiration
C. glycolysis
D. photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
The part of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down is called
A. photosynthesis.
B. aerobic respiration.
C. electron transport.
D. glycolysis. |
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Definition
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Term
Two products of the Krebs cycle are
A. H2O and CO2.
B. ATP and CO2.
C. ATP and O2.
D. ADP and H2O. |
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Definition
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Term
What provides the electron transport chain in cellular respiration with the energy it needs to function?
A. ATP synthase
B. glycolysis
C. chlorophyll
D. Krebs cycle |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements best describes cellular respiration?
A. Sunlight and carbon dioxide are used to make ATP.
B. ATP and oxygen are used to make sugars and starches.
C. Carbon-based molecules from food and oxygen are used to make ATP.
D. ATP and carbon dioxide are used to make ADP and water. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following are end products of glycolysis?
A. two three-carbon molecules, ATP, and NAD+
B. carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
C. NAD+, oxygen, and two ATP molecules
D. pyruvate, NADH, and ATP |
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Definition
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Term
What is the main function of the Krebs cycle?
A. breaking down pyruvate molecules to form molecules of NADH and oxygen
B. forming citric acid to make NADH, water, and CO2
C. producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
D. bonding coenzyme A to pyruvate |
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Definition
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Term
In the electron transport chain, energy from the Krebs cycle is used to pump hydrogen ions
A. across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
B. through the ATP synthase enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix.
C. along a concentration gradient in the thylakoid.
D. along the thylakoid membrane. |
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Definition
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|
Term
What is the function of oxygen in cellular respiration?
A. to deliver hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain
B. to pick up electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
C. to provide oxygen for the production of carbon dioxide
D. to give a source of energy to the Krebs cycle |
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Definition
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Term
Which phrase best describes the main role of fermentation?
A. converts glucose into pyruvate and NADH
B. produces lactic acid to counteract an oxygen deficit
C. allows glycolysis to continue making a small amount of ATP
D. allowing anaerobic production of ADP |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which phrase about fermentation is correct?
A. takes place without oxygen
B. uses electron transport chain
C. only occurs in bacteria
D. is an aerobic process |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which end product of fermentation causes the burning feeling in muscles that are working hard?
A. carbon dioxide
B. pyruvate
C. alcohol
D. lactic acid |
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Definition
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Term
Why does a runner breathe hard for a few minutes after finishing a race? A. The runner's cells need oxygen to make lactic acid.
B. The runner's cells continue the fermentation process.
C. The runner's cells are making up for an oxygen deficit.
D. The runner's cells cannot perform glycolysis. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which end product of alcoholic fermentation is important in the baking industry?
A. lactic acid
B. carbon dioxide
C. ATP molecules
D. alcohol |
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Definition
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