Term
|
Definition
| what some protists are, when the entire organism is made up of one cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many protists are this way, living in groups where one cell is the mother cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protists that are rope-like and made of hyphae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many prostis organisms are like this, made up of more than one cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a long cellular appendage necessary for motility. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hairlike organelles that line the surfaces of certain cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a celluloid extension of amoeboid cells used for moving and feeding. these are finger-like projections used for locomotion as well as engulfing prey. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animal-like protists that ingest food materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heterotrophic protists that ingest food materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plant like and photosynthetic protists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plant-like and photsynthetic autotrophs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can carry out photosynthesis AND abosrb nutrients like an animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| autotrophic protists that are self-sufficient but have specific nutrient requirements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a big mass with many nuclei often found in myxogastrida (slime molds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pigment that causes yellow or browness, it is found in some alga phyla such as Bacillariophyta, the diatoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a glass like cell wall that surrounds diatom cells
bacillariophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
filamentous cell or chain of cells
zycomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cross walls that the filaments in zygomycota normally lack
zycomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a mass of hyphae
zycomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
horizontal surface hyphae
zycomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anochring structures that develop where the stolon touches the lid
zycomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upright stalks that bear terminal sacks called sporangia
zycomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the sac in which spores are made
zycomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wall of the sporangium
zycomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by mitosis
zycomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the balloon-like cross wall that separates the sporangium from the rest of the hyphae
zygomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinuceleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur.
zygomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a large cell that is multinucleate
zygomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an englarged structure on the back of every zygosporangium that leads back to ordinary hypha
zygomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
two, touching cigar shaped structures
zygomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
two small cells isolated at the end of each suspensor by a aeptum. these are always alike.
zygomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the inner surface of the cup
ascomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fertile sac which occur in a layer called the hymenium . each asci contains 8 ascopores.
ascomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a brightly colored layer that contains the asci
ascomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a sexually reproducing gunal spore that is made in asci
ascomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the first part of fertilization
ascomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fusion of the nuclei that occurs in asci
ascomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
slender sterile hairs contained in the hymenium. these stick out like fingers in the asci.
ascomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a club-shaped cell that produces four external basidiospores
basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
held on sterigmata, these are fungal spores
basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tiny stalks that hold the basidiospores
basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the large fruiting body that holds all of the basidia; the fertile layer, aka hymenium, is found on the surface of these
basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surfac area for basidia. basidiomycetes with gills are best known for their use of food.
basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a stemlike structure that elongates to let the mushroom out of the soil
basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
top of a basidium,aka mmushroom
basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a ring of tissue found on the stipe of an older specimen
basidiomycota |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a moss, liverwort, or hornwort ; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a plant with tissue that transports water and nutrients. this includes all living plant species except liverwort, moss, and hornwort. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one type of vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another type of vascular tissue that conducts carbs in solution away from the points where photsynthesis occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stems in bryophyta, the mosses
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leaves in mosses
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the root-like structures in mosses
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the sporangium in all bryophyte phyla
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a slender elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a tiny thing that is embedded into the gametophyte tissue
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
male reproductive stuff that is formed by antheridia
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gamete producing structures
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the female gametangium where gametes develop
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the female gamete
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the product of a female and male gamete
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
young sporophyte which rises out of the archegonium
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the piece of sporophyte that tears off as the sporophyte rises out of the archegonium. this piece forms a cap on top of the capsule.
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
make up a sterile layer of cells that the antheridia consist of
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produces sperm cells
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a swollen basal portion that archegonia consist of
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
make up a row of cells in the center of the venter
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what the sperm swim through to read the egg once the neck canal cells disintegrate.
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a small lid covering the capsule
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
they cover the opening in the capsule
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all of the peristome teeth together
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found inside the capsule section; this can appear as two long longitudinal strands; this tissue undergoes meiosis and produces spores.
bryophyta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a multi-parted organ where zoospores bearing flagellae are made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when liverworts are leafy, they look like mosses froim a distance but have a flattened appearance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these liverworts have a ribbon-like body, whith rhizoids on he underside that anchor the body to the soil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long and thin, these are sensitive to moisture and will twist and bend weith humidity changes and push out the spores. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conducts carbohydrates in solution away from the points where photosynthesis occurs, usually the leaves. |
|
|
Term
| what do vascular plants include? |
|
Definition
| lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lycophytes and ferns which produce only spores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gymnosperms and angiosperms which produce spores and seeds. |
|
|
Term
| how did the earliest vascular plants reproduce? |
|
Definition
| they lacked seeds and produced haploid spores. this is seen in modern groups like club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts, whisk ferns, ferns, and horsetails. |
|
|
Term
| what are the possible earliest group of vascular plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most abundant lycophytes ? |
|
Definition
| the club moss, Lycopodium. the sporophyte in lycopodiums resembles a large moss plant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| underground small leaves that possess only a single, unbranched vein. these are found on lycopodiums. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cone-like structure that produces the spores in lycopodiums. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found on the central axis, these bear a single sporangium on its upper surface. this type of leaf is reproductive; they produce a sporangium or spore container. |
|
|
Term
| what is the pattern in plants that produce single-sized spores? |
|
Definition
| they usually produce bisexual gametophytes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what connects the sporangium to the sporohyll. the stalk is thick. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the common lycophyte that is not the club moss. also give an example. |
|
Definition
| the spike moss. An example is Selaginella. |
|
|
Term
| how can you physically tell the difference between a spike moss and a club moss? |
|
Definition
| spike mosses usually have a more feathery, wispy appearance than do club mosses. |
|
|
Term
| what is a major difference between spike mosses and club mosses? not a physical difference. |
|
Definition
| the spike moss produces two types of pores, large and small, within its strobili. Plants that produce two sizes of spores usually produce unisexual gametophytes. |
|
|
Term
| what is the other major seedless vascular plant? not the lycophytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do scientists think seed plants have evolved from? |
|
Definition
| pteridophyte ancestors. the pteridophytes include the whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns. |
|
|
Term
| give an example of the pteridophytes. |
|
Definition
| the horsetail, Equisetum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-generally grow near water
-usually possess either a highly branched or unbranched body and tine, scale-like leaves.
-the sporophyte consists of stems that are green and hollow, and the nodes at which the leaves arise are jointed and can be easily popped apart by hand.
-the tip of the stem often bears a single strobilus that bears the spores.
-horsetail gametophytes are tiny green blobs that grow on the mud surface. |
|
|
Term
| how does the strobilus of the horsetail different from that of the Lycophyta? |
|
Definition
| the horsetail strobilus contains no sporophylls. |
|
|
Term
| what do the horsetail strobili have instead of sporophylls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
t-shaped structures. sporangia are borne on the underside of these. they are arranged spirally on the central axis.
located within each sporangium are spores of one size. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| curly filaments. there are four elaters connected to each spore. |
|
|
Term
| give an example of a whisk fern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the physical characteristics of a whisk fern |
|
Definition
-green aerial branches that fork into two equal branches (dichotomous branching pattern)
-tiny round spore containing structures located along the stems. each of these structures is a group of three sporangia fused into one unit ccalled a synangium.
-lack of leaves and lack of roots
-a horizontal stem (rhizome) from which the aerial stems arise. |
|
|
Term
| what is the most abundant group of seedless vasuclar plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ferns- what is diploid if anything and what is haploid if anything? |
|
Definition
| the sporophyte is diploid and it produces haploid spores. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clusters of sporangia where the spores are produced. can be seen on the underside of fern fronds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fern gametophytes. these are bisexual, tiny, and heart-shaped. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larger, female spores where the sporphyte from which gaemtophytes develop is. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where megaspores are produced. |
|
|
