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| A type of bacteria that decomposes dying material. |
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| Mutualistic associations with other organisms in which both partners benefit from the relationship. |
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| One of the three main types of bacterial shapes (spherical) |
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| One of the three main types of bacterial shapes (rod-shaped) |
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| One of the three main types of bacterial shapes (helical) |
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| Bacteria with simple cell walls with a very thick peptidoglycan layer that is capable of retaining the Crystal violet dye (purple) used during the gram staining procedure. |
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| Bacteria with a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. These bacteria stain dark pink from the Safranin dye. Their cell walls are more complex due to the presence of lipopolysaccharides which secrete potent toxins. |
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| A biochemical feature of some bacteria characterized by the ability to use light to generate their own carbon sources. |
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| A biochemical feature of some bacteria characterized by the requirement of organic molecules to obtain carbon. |
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| One of the five genera of the algae phylum Chlorophyta (Volvocine line). Single celled motile alga with a stigma (eyespot) that functions in the absorption of light. Reproduction is usually asexual except during times of environmental stress where the organism undergoes isogamy. |
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| One of the five genera of the algae phylum Chlorophyta (Volvocine line). It is colonial, has specialized cells for reproduction and is oogamous which is unique within the five genera. |
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| When an organism produces identically sized and shaped gametes for sexual reproduction. |
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| Where an organism produces gametes that are not identical; one gamete is small and motile while the other is large and non-motile. |
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| Protist known as slime molds; are brightly colored (yellow or orange), heterotrophic, and exhibit amoeboid movement. They are decomposers. Their cell walls are made of cellulose. |
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| Ingredient in the MacConkey agar plate the inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria. |
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| The complete breakdown (lysis) of red blood cells around bacterial colonies. |
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| Eye spot in algae that functions in the absorption of light. |
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| An aquatic group of autotrophic organisms that commonly occupy marine and freshwater environments; classified into 5 phyla. |
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| Unicellular heterotrophic organisms that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They are classified by their mode of locomotion. |
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| Protozoa that moves through the use of pseudopods. |
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| Protozoa that moves through the use of cilia. |
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| Protozoa that moves through the use of flagella. |
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| Specialized organelles in plants that house the green pigment chlorophyll and is the place where photosynthesis occurs. |
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| Light-dependent (photochemical/light) reactions |
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| One of the three stages of photosynthesis. It is powered by sunlight and occurs in the thylakoids. It takes in H20, ADP, P, and NADP and releases O2, ATP, and NADPH. |
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| Light-independent (biochemical/dark reactions) |
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| One of the three stages of photosynthesis. Plants use the products (ATP and NADH) of the light-dependent reactions to build carbohydrates. It occurs in the stroma, takes in CO2 and releases Glucose. Also known as the Calvin cycle. |
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| One of the three stages of photosynthesis; chlorophyll in the thylakoid membranes absorbs photons of light resulting in excitation of the electrons present. |
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| Substances that absorb light in the visible spectrum and transfer the light energy to electrons. Two types: primary and accessory. |
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| Primary pigment in plants and cyanobacteria because it's the only pigment that can convert light energy to chemical energy directly. |
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| Act as magnifiers that capture and transfer light energy to chlorophyll a. Includes chlorophyll b, carotenes, and xanthophylls. |
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| Have two roles, protection and light absorption. They eliminate free radicals that are produced from oxidation-reduction reactions in the chloroplast as well as help to capture energy from light that is composed of wavelengths that aren't efficiently absorbed by both chlorophull a and b. Include carotenes and xanthophylls. |
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| Absorb light at wavelengths in the ranges of 425-450nm (blue) and 625-675nm (orange-red) |
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| Have a much broader absorption peak, ranging from 400-525nm (blue-green). |
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| Remaining energy released by plants that is dissipated in the form of light with a larger, less energetic wavelength. Occurs when energized electrons are unable to be passed onto the next pigment molecule in either photosystem and fall back into their original lower energy orbital. |
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