EXCAVATA->Parabasalia-> Trichonymphidia

->Trychonympha spp.

found in digestive tract of termites to help break up wood

EXCAVATA-> Euglenozoa-> Euglenoidea-> Euglena spp.

photosynthetic; moves like slugs, skinny, left to right movements

EXCAVATA-> Parabasalia-> Euglenozoa-> Euglenoidea-> Paramena spp.

heterotrophic; moves more quickly in circular patterns

euglenids moved slower than the Peramena. 

were the same form and size but peramena acted more hectic

both species displayed euglenoid movement

EXCAVATA->Kinetoplastida->Trypanosoma

causes afric sleeping sickness

sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation

found in stentor

STRAMENOPILA-> Pheophyceae-> Peralonia fascia 

(false kelp)

STRAMENOPILA-> Phaeophyceae-> Fucus spiralis 

(Rockweed)

STRAMENOPILA-> Phaeophyceaae-> Agarum fimbriatum

(Fringed Sieve Kelp)

STRAMENOPILA-> Phaeophyceae-> Dicytosiphon foeniculceus

(Golden Sea Hair)

STAMENOPILA-> Phaeophyceae-> Alaria marginata

(Ribbon Kelp)

STAMENOPILA-> Phaeophyceae-> Nereocustis luetkeana

(Bull Kelp)

STRAMENOPILA-> Phaeophyceae-> Leathesia difforris

(Sea Cauliflower)

STRAMENOPILA-> Phaeophyceae-> Fucus gardneri

(Rockweek)

RHIZARIA-> Formanifera->Foraminifers

black and white

AMOEBOZOA-> Mycetozoa (slime molds)-> Physarum polycephalum

Plasmodial Slime Mold

single cells with 2,4, or more flagella

may have no mitochondria

name derives from conspicuous feeding groove supported by microtubules

sub group of excavata

anaerobicl either endosymbiotic or parasitic

singles cells w/mitochondria

flagella clustered at anterior end of cell

named for parabasal body: complex fibers arising from basal bodies of flagella, golgi apparatus, and microtubules

subgroup of parabasalia

4-6 flagella at one end

one flagellum runs along cell body as undulating membrane

sheet of microtubules (axostyle) projects beyond end of cell like a needle

subgroup of parabasalia

pear or teardrop shaped

found in intestine of most termites

bears hundreds of flagella

have 2 flagella that arise from reservoir near one end of cell

pouch supported by microtubules and mya also have cytosome: cell mouth

known for reddish eye spot (stigma) of caratinoid pigment grains next to reservoir

spiral strip of protien under cell membrane create flexible or rigid pellicle

free living and parasitic

characterized by large mitochondrion w/n DNA containing kinetoplast

some members cause african sleeping sickness transmitted by tsetse flies

named for system of flattened sacs (vesicles) called alveoli under cell membrane

possess extrusomes: organelles that can release threads usually for defense or anchoring

bear complete or partial covering of cilia

firm or somewhat flexible cell shape with a cytosome

have both micro and macro nuclei

often fused and functoin together as sheets (membranelles) or bristles (cirri)

bear one ribbon like flagellum in an encircling groove and one whip flagellum in a posterior groove; together produce a whirling swimming motion

storage product is starch

dominant photosynthetic pigments are golden-brown

can be fungi-like, animalistic, or plant-like

have unique tinsel flagellum with fine tubular side branches + one normal flagellum in at least some life history stages

many photosynthetic and contain chlorophyll c and accessory carotenoid pigments that produce golden brown color

store energy as oils or polysaccharides

many produce calcium carbonate or silica skeletons

produce protective shell of silica and organic material in 2 nestered pieces like a petri dish; elaborately ornamented

nonmotile 

brown algae

all marine

thallus(body) often divided into basal holdfast, stripe (stalk), and broad blades

gas-filled floatation sacs buoy photosynthetic blades towards sun

chiefly amoeboid and nonphotosynthetic

no characteristic unique to group has been discovered

only support of group is molecular data

many produce mineral shells or skeletons

produce netwoek of fine meshlike pseudopods that arise from openings in multi chambered shell (test) of calcium carbonate

can have numerous nuclei in one cytoplasm

produce broad lobelike pseudopods

cytoplasm divided into interior endoplasm and exterioir ectoplasm

move via cytoplasmic flow

slime mold/ social amoeba

exhibit like history stage in which spore producing structure develops on sterile stalk

individual amoebas gather together

plasmodium: single membranous cytoplasm that contains vast #s of nuclei

Cellular slime molds: aggragate into slug like masses when nutrients are depleted and move as single organism, but individual cells remain distinct