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Definition
| An organism that consists of prokaryotic cells. Examples are bacteria. |
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| An ancient form of cell that contains no nucleus and no internal membranes |
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| structure that can only be seen using an electron microscope |
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| Escherichia coli (E. coli) |
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Definition
| a species of bacteria (prokaryote) that lives in your intenstines |
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Definition
| forms a protective layer that prevents damage from outside and gives the cell shape. Made of cellulose in plants. |
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| the membrane that surrounds the cell, controls entry and exit of substances, pumping some of them in by active transport. |
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Definition
| the mainly water-based substance inside a cell excluding the nucleus |
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Definition
| hair-like structures projecting from the cell wall of prokaryotic cells, can be ratcheted in and out and used to attach to neighbouring cells. |
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Definition
| a whip-like structure projecting from cells, normally used for locomotion. In prokaryotes flagella are solid protein structures with a corkscrew shape, in eukaryotes they are protrusions of the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| small granular structures made of protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that synthesise proteins by translating messenger RNA |
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Definition
| region of the cytoplasm in prokaryotes that contains naked DNA. |
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Definition
| DNA that is not arranged into chromosomes or attached to proteins |
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Definition
| a microscope that uses electrons rather than light to take images. Has a resolution of 0.05nm, whereas a powerful light microscope has a resolution of 200nm. |
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Definition
| an image made by an electron microscope |
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Definition
| a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where one "parent" cell splits in half to produce two new "daughter" cells |
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Definition
| An organism that consists of eukaryotic cells. Examples are: animals, plants, fungi, protists. |
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Definition
| a group of cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles made of membranes. |
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Definition
| ribosomes that are not attached to an endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| an organelle composed of flattened sacs of membrane with ribosomes attached to it. Is where proteins are synthesised that will eventually be secreted from the cell. |
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| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| an ER that lacks ribosomes |
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Definition
| a membrane bound organelle that stores digestive enzymes |
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Definition
| a series of flattened membrane sacs that processes proteins before secretion |
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Definition
| an organelle that carries out aerobic respiration |
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Definition
| stores the genetic material |
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Definition
| the membrane that forms the outer layer of the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| mainly water-based substance inside a cell excluding the nucleus |
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Definition
| smaller ribosomes found in prokaryotes |
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Definition
| larger ribosomes found in eukaryotes |
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Definition
| the separation of cellular activities into various compartments or organelles inside the cell |
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Definition
| structure that protects the cell and gives it shape |
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Definition
| proteins with carbohydrate chains attached to them, involved in cell communication and immune response |
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Definition
| a structural protein consisting of long fibres |
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Definition
| structures that exist outside the cell membrane, in animals this is usually collagen and glycoproteins |
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