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| An ordered display of magnified images of an individuals chromosomes arranged in pairs. |
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| having an extra x chromosome. |
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| Females that lack an x chromosome. XO |
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P - Parental
F1 - Filial
F2 - When F2 self fertilize |
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| The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape |
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| The Transfer of Genetic Information from DNA into an RNA molecule |
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| The Transfer of the information in the RNA into a protein |
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| A set of three nucleotide long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains |
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| A 3 nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal. The Basic Unit of the genetic code |
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| On a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA |
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| An enzyme that assembles DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template |
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| A biotechnology technique used to silence the expression of specific genes. |
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| A Specific nucleotide sequence in DNA located at the start of a gene that is the binding site for RNa polymerase and the place where transcription begins. |
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| A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNa polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule and then to depart from the gene. |
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| the Type of ribonucleic acid that encodes genetic information from dNA and conveys it to ribosomes, where the information is translated into amino acids sequences. |
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| The type of ribonucleic acid that, together with proteins, makes up ribosomes; the most abundant type of RNA in most cells. |
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| A type of ribonucleic acid that functions as an interpreter in translation. EAch tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon, picks up a specific amino acid, and conveys the amino acid to the appropriate codon on mRNA |
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| a change in the nucleotide squence of an organisms DNA |
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| a chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation |
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| The process whereby genetic information flows from genes to proteins; the flow of genetic information from the genotype to the phenotype |
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| The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the breakdown of organic molecules for the production of ATP |
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| a unit of genetic regulation common in prokaryotes; |
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| a sequence of nucleotides near the start of an operon to which an active repressor can attach |
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