Term
|
Definition
| made up of DNA and carries genetic info |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of a chromosome |
|
Definition
| regulating the production of specific proteins |
|
|
Term
| how does meiosis contribute to genetic variations |
|
Definition
| crossing over-->sections of chromosomes switch places |
|
|
Term
| why is correct replication such an important part of cellular division |
|
Definition
| it ensures that identical and complete genetic info is passed to both daughter cells |
|
|
Term
| how does differentiation of cells play an important role in creating specialized tissues in organisms |
|
Definition
| creates specialized tissues that perform specific functions |
|
|
Term
| how does mitosis maintain complex organisms |
|
Definition
| the cells grow and divide via mitosis which allows the organism to grow |
|
|
Term
| what is an example of mitosis maintaining complex organisms |
|
Definition
| healing a cut after injury |
|
|
Term
| albumin is a protein produced in the liver of both pigs and humans. based on this information, what other similarity can we predict between these two organisms |
|
Definition
| both organisms share a similar sequence in one section of their DNA that codes for albumin |
|
|
Term
| how does DNA determine the structure of proteins produced by cells |
|
Definition
| similar DNA sequences are found in organisms that produce the same proteins.the order of DNA bases code for specific Amino acids that builds proteins |
|
|
Term
| in an organism's DNA,what would be a likely cause of a disease such as huntington's disease |
|
Definition
| a miscoding in the DNA sequence |
|
|
Term
| scientists theorize that production of hemoglobin is coded on the molecular location shown below. provide evidence to support this claim |
|
Definition
| this section of DNA is different in people who are unable to produce functioning hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| how do specialized cells contribute to carrying out the same life functions in different organisms |
|
Definition
| they both have DNA that codes for the specific protein that specializes the cell |
|
|
Term
| why do different cells within an individual organism function differently |
|
Definition
| specialized cells and differentiation.proteins regulate which genes in a cell are activated |
|
|
Term
| In humans, the CFTR gene is responsible for a protein that regulates the components of sweat, digestive fluids, and mucus. Individuals with a mutated version of this gene develop cystic fibrosis. What research question would provide the best data for clarifying the role of DNA in the development of this disease? |
|
Definition
| Is cystic fibrosis present in individuals who have a normal, non-mutated copy of the CFTR gene? |
|
|
Term
| Describe the structural relationship between genes, chromosomes, and DNA |
|
Definition
| Each chromosome consists of a single long DNA molecules, and each gene on the chromosome is a particular segment of that DNA |
|
|
Term
| T= tall t= short. Cross 2 heterozygous pea plants. Predict what percentage of the offspring will be tall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of how certain environmental factors alter DNA and cause mutations |
|
Definition
| Skin cancer is more likely to develop in individuals who experience excessive exposure to sunlight |
|
|
Term
| Stomates are small openings on the leaves of plants. the following data (chart with the labels time, relative humidity, and stomates condition) was recorded for the stomates of a particular plant under various conditions of moisture in the air as measured by relative humidity. The data in the table could be used to support what explanation of a function of stomates? Stomates are responsible for- |
|
Definition
| Preventing the loss of moisture from the plant to the environment |
|
|
Term
| give an example of a feedback response to monitoring your heart rate |
|
Definition
| An elevated heart rate when exercising |
|
|
Term
| Why are negative feedback mechanisms so much more prevalent in nature? |
|
Definition
| Only negative feedback leads to homeostasis, important for life |
|
|
Term
| Of the investigations described below, which could be used to provide data to test the idea that root growth in plants is a feedback mechanism in response to environmental conditions? |
|
Definition
| Grow the same kind of plants in various levels of soil moisture and record the length of their roots |
|
|
Term
| The graph provided shows the level of dissolved carbon dioxide in the environment of an aquatic plant over a twenty-four hour period. The shaded portion of the graph represents the time in the daily cycle of the plant when which of the following is happening? |
|
Definition
| The plant switches from photosynthesis to metabolizing glucose |
|
|
Term
| Yeast is placed in a sugar solution in a sealed flask. What changes to the environment of the flask would support a claim that the yeast is performing anaerobic respiration? |
|
Definition
| Increasing CO2, decreasing glucose, stable oxygen |
|
|
Term
| With the info provided in the table and illustration (drawing of 3 graduated cylinders, #1 has stuff floating on the top, #2 has the stuff mixed in, and #3 has stuff sunk to the bottom), which of the following is the most reasonable conclusion as to the classifications of the bacteria in the 3 test tubes? |
|
Definition
| #1= obligate aerobes, #2= facultative anaerobes, #3 obligate anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following simplified graphs show the environmental changes predicted during aerobic respiration? |
|
Definition
| The answer with the positive slope starting at 0 and the negative slope that does the opposite |
|
|
Term
| fill in missing labels in diagram |
|
Definition
1) chemical energy
2) CO2
3) respiration |
|
|
Term
| What is the sugar produced from the process of photosynthesis and what elements make it up? |
|
Definition
| glucose- C6H12O6 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Describe the flow of matter and energy in cellular respiration |
|
Definition
| energy is released when sugar and oxygen are recombined to form CO2 and water |
|
|
Term
| How do elements form new molecules and products during matter transformations? |
|
Definition
| Recombining elements in different ways to form new products |
|
|
Term
| graph that supports the claim that the single-celled organisms use the glucose for cellular respiration to live, grow, and reproduce |
|
Definition
| glucose concentration line starting at top left and going down, population of organisms line starting bottom left and going up to the right |
|
|
Term
| How do carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen recombine and are used in living things to form new molecules for new cells? |
|
Definition
| Cells of living things contain molecules made of Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the same elements found in glucose consumed by living things |
|
|
Term
| Students are modeling cellular respiration using beads of different colors to represent different elements. Joining the beads together represents formation of chemical compounds. The students can best represent the process of cellular respiration by- |
|
Definition
| Taking apart combinations of beads, then joining them in new combinations |
|
|
Term
| What is the missing component representing the substance taken into the plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A plant is placed into a test tube filled with water. When the plant is exposed to sunlight it produces bubbles. What is the most likely conclusion for the identity of the gas in the bubbles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
|
|
Term
| The diagram provided shows the amount of energy available in Watts per square meter in a typical habitat. Which of the following is the best estimate of the energy available at the level of tertiary consumers in this habitat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an explanation as to why the trophic pyramid is a triangle |
|
Definition
| The higher levels of the pyramid are smaller due to the inefficiency of energy transfer |
|
|
Term
| During what process does carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide move from the geosphere to the atmosphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis contributes to the carbon cycle by moving carbon in the way represented by which arrow in the diagram provided here |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What processes move carbon out of the biosphere and into the atmosphere, geosphere, or hydrosphere? |
|
Definition
| Respiration, excretion, decaying |
|
|
Term
| In a closed ecosystem, monitoring the amount of carbon in the various spheres would show what type of change as a result of continued photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| increase in biosphere, decrease in atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| Which arrow shows how the decomposition of organic material moves carbon, contributing to the carbon cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As energy is transferred between trophic levels, only a small fraction of the available energy is transferred. How can this observation be explained, taking into account the law of conservation of energy? |
|
Definition
| the unused energy is lost as heat through metabolic processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms that are able to generate their own food, such as plants (producers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organisms that are not able to make their own food (consumers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heterotrophs; eat organisms |
|
|
Term
| What trophic level has the greatest amount of stored energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
