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Bio Exan #1
Nollenberger
47
Biology
Undergraduate 2
02/22/2010

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Term
defintion of biology
Definition
scientific study of life, lays the foundation for asking basic questions about life and the natural world
Term
what is the scientific method
Definition
observing
proposing ideas
testing
discarding ideas that fail
Term
what are hypothesis's?
Definition
a proposed explanation that is testable and falsifiable
Term
what is scientific theory
Definition
powerful, broad explanation of a large set of observations
Term
what is inductive reasoning
Definition
a logical process that argues from specific instances to a general conclusion
Term
what are the 4 biological molecules found in most living organisms
Definition
lipids, protein, nucleic acids,carbs
Term
what is a sampling error
Definition
the effect of chance
Term
what does it mean when a result is statistically significant
Definition
an observed difference is probably not due to sampling error
Term
how do you turn your work into a primary source?
Definition
submitting work to a professional journal
Term
what is peer reviewing of work?
Definition
evaluation of submitted papers by other experts
Term
what is anecdotal evidence?
Definition
based on one person's experience, not experimental data
Term
all earth organisms have what?
Definition
common set of biological molecules
can maintain homeostasis
can evolve
require liquid water
Term
atoms are composed of..
Definition
protons
neutrons
electrons
Term
what is a molecule
Definition
two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Term
what does solvent mean
Definition
helps chemical reactions
Term
what is a solute
Definition
whatever is being dissolved
Term
what is a solution
Definition
the solute in the solvent
Term
water is a _____ molecule
Definition
polar
Term
the weak attraction between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom bondof another
Definition
hydrogen
Term
when water molecules stick together its called
Definition
cohesion
Term
measures the relative amounts of acids and bases in a solution
Definition
pH scale
Term
all earth is based on _______ ________. the chemistry of the element carbon.
Definition
organic chemistry
Term
strong bonds from sharing electrons
Definition
covalent bonds
Term
all cells on earth are either..
Definition
prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Term
smaller and simpler cells
Definition
prokaryotic
Term
all cells are surrounded by a
Definition
plasma membrane
Term
plasma membrane is made of what?
Definition
phospholipids bilayer
Term
prokaryotice cells do not have a
Definition
nucleus
Term
cells that are more complex
Definition
eukaryotic
Term
provnides energy for the cell using oxyge
Definition
mitochondria
Term
site of photosynthesis
Definition
choloroplasts
Term
involved in protein or lipid synthesis
Definition
endoplasmic reticulum
Term
modifies and sorts proteins
Definition
golgi apparatus
Term
macronutrients are needed in _____ amounts.
Definition
large
Term
what are examples of macronutrtients?
Definition
water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Term
what are examples of micronutrients?
Definition
minerals and vitamins
Term
essentials _____ _____ and _____ ______ cannot be made by the body therefore they must be acquired through food
Definition
essential amino & fatty acids
Term
what is saturated fat?
Definition
when the carbons of the fatty acid are all bound to hydrogen molecules
Term
what is unsaturated fat?
Definition
when the double carbon to carbon bonds exist.
Term
the energy required for a reaction to occur
Definition
activation energy
Term
when molecules are being metabolized
Definition
substrate
Term
what is the energy unit of food?
Definition
calorie
Term
______ speed up the reaction of cells
Definition
enzymes
Term
the measurement of energy use
Definition
metabolic rate
Term
how much energy is used when the person is awake but not exercising
Definition
base metabolic rate
Term
the increase in earth's temperature
Definition
global warming
Term
the accumulation of methane, nitrious oxide, water vapor, and carbon dioxide
Definition
greenhouse effect
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