Term
| one difference between crabs and lobsters is that______. |
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Definition
| only crab's abdomen folds under a carapace. |
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Term
| a new invertebrate species is found living at depths of 1000m. You have never seen it before, but upon hearing that the organism has an endoskeleton and water vascular system you are convinced it is an_______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the expulsion of internal organs in sea cucumbers. |
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Term
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Definition
the shield-like structure that covers the anterior portion of some crustaceans.
The shell of a sea turtle |
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Term
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Definition
| invertebrates wit five-way radial symmetry and a water vascular system. |
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Term
| ALL chordates have the following EXCEPT: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| animals that display a hollow dorsal nerve cord, gill slits, and a notochord. |
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Term
| True or False: When considering Tunicates,it would be fair to say that they are invertebrates. |
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Definition
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Term
A sea star has a juvenile (larve) stage that lives in the water column, but eventually settles out for a benthic lifestyle. This organism's larve would be considered
_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| When comparing Sand Dollars and Sea Urchins, which is TRUE? |
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Definition
| both have an aristotle's lantern to aid in feeding, although they each eat different prey. |
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Term
I am an animal with:
gill slits and a mouth on my ventral side
large pectoral fins fused to my head
and im a filter feeder |
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Definition
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Term
| One difference between the Class Osteichthyes and the Class Chondrichthyes is that only organisms in the Class Osteichthyes: |
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Definition
| have gills housed in a common chamber. |
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Term
| Which is NOT true of birds or seabirds: |
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Definition
| seabirds nest and forage entirely at sea, they do not need to come ashore. |
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Term
| True or False: All seabirds have long and pointed beaks for feeding. |
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Definition
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Term
| One difference between the Agnatha and Osteichthyes is that only ______ |
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Definition
| Osteichthyes have gills in slits, and not pores. |
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Term
| Sea turtles mate in the water and have internal fertilization but then females come ashore to lay and bury their eggs. After they are deposited there is no further parental care. This type of reproduction would be considered ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A gill raker's function in fishes is: |
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Definition
| filter particles or food from gill filaments. |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT TRUE: |
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Definition
| most sharks have softer, more flexible and more maneuverable fins than the bony fishes. |
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Term
| pentamerous radial symmetry |
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Definition
| five arms radiating from a center disk or five rows of ambulacral grooves along the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| a skeleton under the external surface of an animal. |
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Term
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Definition
pincher-like organ of some echinoderms that help keep the body surface clean.
aboral surface |
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Term
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Definition
a network of water-filled canals in echinoderms used in locomotion and food gathering.
helps these organisms to digest food without actually eating it.
ampullae-each of the muscular sacs that extend inside the body opposite the tube feet.
madreporite-a porous plate that connects the water vascular system to the exterior. |
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Term
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Definition
a porous plate that connects the water vascular system of echinoderms to the exterior.
how the water enters their body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of jaws and associated muscles used by sea urchins to bite off algae and other bits of food off the bottom. |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata |
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Definition
organisms: sea stars, sand dollars, urchins, sea cucumbers, brittle stars.
Characteristics: coelom
bilateral larvae, but adults have pentamerous radial symmetry
no head (oral and aboral sides)
no brain or eyes
simple nervous system
endoskeleton
complete gut w/ mouth and anus
regeneration of arms/rays is possible
external fertilization-broadcast spawn
water vascular system |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea |
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Definition
Sea Stars
Characteristics: 5+ arms or rays
tube feet on oral side
have a pedicellariae on aboral surface to clean themselves.
flexible bodies
predators-eat mussels. |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea |
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Definition
Sea Urchans and Sand Dollars
Characteristics: no arms
rigid test (shell) with spines and tube feet.
Aristotles lantern.
herbivores or filter feeders
some are poisonous. |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Holothuroidea |
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Definition
Sea Cucumbers
Characteristics: reduced endoskeleton-calcareous spines on skin.
expel toxins to detour predators.
evisceration-can expel their insides so they can run away from prey.then regrow them. |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Ophiuroidea |
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Definition
Brittle Star
Characteristics: long flexible segmented arms
move with two leading arms
cast off arms when disturbed
scavenger
negative phototrophic response |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that spend their entire lives in the planktonic state. |
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Term
|
Definition
| planktonic organisms that spend only part of their life in the planktonic state. |
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Term
|
Definition
located on the aboral surface of sea urchins and sea stars.
this is a porous plate that connects the water vascular system to the outside.
(how water gets into the water vascular system) |
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Term
Sea Stars and Feeding
Class Asteroidea |
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Definition
carnivores
extend or invert part of their stomach inside out through the mouth to envelop food. The digested food is carried into the glands for absorption and the stomach is pulled back inside the body. |
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Term
| regeneration in sea star rays |
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Definition
| the ability to grow lost or damaged body parts. |
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Term
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Definition
unpaired.
the upper or back surface of an animal with bilateral symmetry. |
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Term
|
Definition
unpaired.
the last ventral fin of fishes. |
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Term
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Definition
unpaired.
the posterior, or tail, fin of fishes. |
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Term
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Definition
unpaired.
the upper or back surface of an animal with bilateral symmetry. |
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Term
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Definition
paired.
each of the second pair of ventral fins of fishes. |
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Term
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Definition
paired.
each of the pair of fins just behind the head of fishes. |
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Term
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Definition
"an animal who's eggs develop inside the female while the embryo derives nutrition from the mother."
offspring have a direct placental connection to the mother. Then they are birthed.
Nourished by mother.
highest amount of parental care.
This is what WE are. |
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Term
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Definition
"an animal that releases eggs."
egg layer
egg enclosed in case and deposited into environment
nutrients are in egg case
least amount of parental care. |
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Term
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Definition
"an animal that produces eggs that hatch inside the female immediately before birth."
organism still has egg in case.
inside sharks.
same as oviparous but it is kept inside the mom.
during development the sharks bursts out of the egg case and swims out of the mothers cloaca.
appears like live birth. |
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Term
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Definition
"a system of canals and sensory cells on the sides of fishes that helps them detect vibrations in the water."
Found where the colors change on the lateral side of the fish. |
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Term
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Definition
"the gas-filled sac in the body cavity of bony fishes that is involved in the adjustment of buoyancy."
Not all bony fishes have one. |
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Term
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Definition
"the flap of bony plates that cover the gills of bony fishes"
external gill cover to protect the gills.
multiple gills housed in a common chamber are covered by this. |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that swim strongly enough to move against the current. |
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Term
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Definition
"each of the projections along the inner surface of fish gills."
filters out particles in the water column. |
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Term
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Definition
"the thin projection of a fish gill where gas exchange takes place"
where blood is housed.
where CO2 and O2 is exchanged. |
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Term
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Definition
"the thin projection of a fish gill where gas exchange takes place"
where blood is housed.
where CO2 and O2 is exchanged. |
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Term
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Definition
asymmetrical tail fin.
the top is bigger than the bottom. |
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Term
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Definition
symmetrical tail.
both lobes of tail are about equal length. |
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Term
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Definition
"one of the two openings behind the eyes of cartilaginous fishes."
holes-incurrent
can pump water through mouth or through these.
allows water to get into the body.
(rays and some sharks) |
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Term
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Definition
"one of several sensory structures in the head of sharks that detect weak electric fields."
6th sense
aids in navigation and prey location. |
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Term
|
Definition
in bony fishes
internal ears
earstones |
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Term
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Definition
"each of the bands of muscles along the sides of fishes."
locomotion in bony and cartilaginous fish.
bands of muscle attached to back bone. |
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Term
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Definition
fins are fused to the body
(sharks) |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata |
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Definition
tunicates, vertebrates (fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals)
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord, gill slits, notochord.
benthic and pelagic
bilateral symmetry
gills or lungs |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata |
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Definition
have a backbone
complex brain protected by a skull made of cartilage or bone.
bilateral symmetrical body
endoskeleton. |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Agnatha |
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Definition
jawless fishes.
suction mout with rows of teeth.
cylindrical and elongated body (like a eel or snake).
ex: lamprey, hagfish. |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Osteichthyes |
|
Definition
bony skeleton
gills covered by opercula
fins more developed and not fused to body (more maneuverable)
terminal mouths (at the end of their head)
teeth attached to jaw bones (can protrude)
thinner more flexible scales.
swim bladder (usually)
ex: bony fishes |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Chondrichthyes |
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Definition
skeleton made of cartilage (lighter and more flexible than bone)
ventral mouth.
placoid scales (rough sandpaper like skin; tooth-like scales)
jaw with rows of teeth
well developed fins that are fused to the body.
gills in seperate chambers.
large fatty liver ( control buoyancy)
Ex: sharks, rays, skates. |
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Term
| what makes a fish, a fish? |
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Definition
| gills, fins, aquatic organism. |
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Term
|
Definition
slime eel
produce a lot of slime as a defense mechanism |
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Term
|
Definition
paracite
attaches to other fishes and bores into them.
can migrate upstream by sucking onto rocks and climbing. |
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Term
| Chondrichthyes respiration |
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Definition
can get water through mouth or spiracle.
go out through gills (one per slit) |
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Term
|
Definition
only water gets in through the mouth
all gills are in one common chamber
the closing of the mouth and the opening of the opercula force water through the gills and out.
4-7 gills on each side |
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Term
| bony and cartilaginous fish sensory capabilities |
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Definition
-smell/taste: can do both. use lips to taste.
-lateral line: sensory structure. modified scales. allows fishes to feel vibrations. can detect prey, mates, and gain info about where it is.
-eyes: similar to land vertebrates. eye-like camera. Can zoom in and out.
*hagfish are almost blind
*bony fish can see better than sharks |
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Term
| shark myths (constantly swimming, reason for attack) |
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Definition
some sharks dont need to swim to live, they can open and close their mouths forcing water to go through their gills.
sharks attack humans usually because they think we are an injured sea lion. |
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Term
|
Definition
Sharks: long bodies, gills on lateral surface, polagic, aggressive.
Rays: flat body, benthic, gills on ventral surface, not aggressive. |
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Term
| Cartolaginous Fish Feeding |
|
Definition
carnivorous
bite pieces from large prey
filter plankton
invertebrates from sediments. |
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Term
| Osteichthyes Fish Feeding |
|
Definition
mouth shape determines what the fish eats
capture whole prey (eat other fishes; barracuda)
pickers (eat seaweed)
grazers (can bite through rock, eat, reefs, very powerful jaw)
filter feeders |
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Term
|
Definition
can be all one species or a bunch of different kinds.
why?
protection
eating
reproduction |
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Term
|
Definition
| "an organism that loses metabolic heat to the environment without affecting its body temperature." |
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Term
|
Definition
"vertebrates that have two pairs of legs"
4 foot (may be 2 wings)
have lungs-breathe air
made of bone
nektonic
get water from food
evolved from fished..moved onto land.. then came back to the water.
reptiles, birds, mammals. |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Tetrapoda
Class: Aves |
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Definition
Sea Birds
tetrapod with feathers
nests on land, but forage in the ocean.
endothermic
hollow bones (lightweight)
they preen their feathers to waterproof them with oil
webbed feet for swimming |
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Term
|
Definition
| the nostrils or nasal openings of cetaceans |
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Term
|
Definition
| a fatty structure on the forehead of some cetaceans that is used to direct sound waves emitted during echolocation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the ability of some animals to sense their surroundings by analyzing the reflection of sound waves, or clicks, they emit. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the filtering plates that hang from the upper jaws of baleen whales. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a gland that secretes excess salts in seabirds and sea turtles. |
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Term
|
Definition
Aves: Birds
Reptilia: reptiles (sea snakes, sea turtles, crocodiles)
Mammalia: whales, seals, sea otters, polar bears, etc. |
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Term
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Tetrapoda
Class: Reptilia |
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Definition
body covered in scales.
ectotherms-use their external environment to provide them with body heat.
majority lay eggs on land (leathery shell)
have a cloaca (like fish and birds)
ex: turtles, snakes, iguanas, crocodiles. |
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Term
|
Definition
Class Reptilia
only one marine one
restricted to Galapagos islands
dive and swim
breath holders
have salt glands
shoot salty snot as defense. |
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Term
|
Definition
Class reptilia
100 species
common in warm water
swim with paddle like tail
ovoviviparous
carnivores-eat fish or eggs
most are venomous
bites are accidental (small mouths)
long lung runs through length of body
hold breath for a very long time |
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Term
|
Definition
Class Reptilia
9 species
most tropical and subtropical
most eat invertebrates (jellies)
green turtles only eat sea grass
oviparous
all females come to land to reproduce
eggs develope in 60 days
temperature determine sex (females-warmer)
many migrate far distances and return to the beach where they were born.
most species are endangered and threatened |
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Term
|
Definition
diving bird
deep diver
feet set back
bad flier
dont preen feathers
more dense bones
sun bathing to get warm in dry.
it is adapted for deep diving and lacks oily feathers and must sun its wings to dry them. |
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Term
|
Definition
has nails
grunts
smaller face
reduced foreflippers
sausage body
longer hind flippers
holes for ears, no flaps
belly roll on land |
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Term
|
Definition
barks
longer foreflippers used for soaring
external ear flaps
snout like a dog
can walk on all fours |
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