Term
|
Definition
-interspecific competition
- predation
-parasitism
-mutalism
-commensalism |
|
|
Term
| inter specific competition |
|
Definition
-two or more species intercat to gain access to the same resources(food,water,light)
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a predator feeds on prey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -when a parasites feeds off the host(living on) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benefitial to both species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-benfits one species
-little affect on the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-when species compete for resources they evolve traits so they can share resources
-hlelps reduce niche overlap |
|
|
Term
| ways prey can avoid capture |
|
Definition
-camoflauge
-chemical warefare
-warning coloration
-mimicry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -when two diferent species interact over a long period of time, changes in one species can affect species in another |
|
|
Term
| why is clumping morec common |
|
Definition
-availability varies so species cluster where resources are avaible
-groups have better chances of finding resources than on their own
-living in groups help protect from predators
-living in packs increases the chance of getting a meal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors that live in population |
|
Definition
-deaths, births, immigration, emigrations
-age structure
-range of tolerance
-limiting factor principle, (precipitation and nutrition) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of factorization
-(light,water,space,nutrients) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -maximum population of a given species that a certain habitat can sutain indefinately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -occurs when a population has unimited resources to support its growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species whose population size fluctuates slightly above and below its carrying capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high peaking then low peaking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability of a living system such as a grassland to survive moderate disturbances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability of a living system to be restored through secondary succession after a severe disturbance |
|
|
Term
| population growth has ____ but still growing at a rate of _____% per year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| population change formula |
|
Definition
| (births + immigration) - (deaths + emmigration) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of births per 1,000 people per year |
|
|
Term
| replacement level fertility rate |
|
Definition
| average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| average number of children born to women in a population in their reproductive years |
|
|
Term
| factors that affect birth and fertility rates |
|
Definition
-importance of children as a part of the labor force
-cost of raising and educating children
-the availability/lack of private and public pension systems
-infant deaths
-urbanization
-educational and employment opportunities available for women
-average age at marriage
-availability of legal abortions/contraception
-cultural norms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-religious persecution
-ethnic conflicts
-political oppresion
-wars
-environmental degredation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| percentages of males and females in young, middle, and older age groups in that population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypothesis of population change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-uneven heating of the earths surface by the sun
-rotation of the earth on its axis
-properties of air, water, and land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural warming effect of the troposphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-winward (rain) coming
- leeward going |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-arctic tundra
-temperate grassland
-tropical grassland
-chaparral
-coniferous forest
-deciduous forest
-rain forest
-dry forest
-desert |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-contain majority of the world's forests
-endemic species
-regulate earths climate
-affect sea levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lakes rivers streams and inland wetlands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oceans, bays, estuaries, coastal wetlands, shorelines, coral reefs, mangrove forests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ultraplankton
-phytoplankton
-zoo plankton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-coastal zone (beach)
-euphotic zone (top layer)
-bathyal zone (middle layer)
-abyssal zone (bottom layer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of shoreline between low and high tides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brightly lit upper zone where phytoplankton carry out 40% of photosynthetic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dimly lit middle zone that recieves little sunlight and doesnt contain photosynthesizing producers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dark and cold, no sunlight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
littoral - not much growth
limnetic - alot of growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low in nutrients clear lake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
littoral - not much growth
limnetic - alot of growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excess plant nutrients in a lake |
|
|
Term
| watershed, drainage basin |
|
Definition
| land AREA that that delivers runoff |
|
|
Term
| inland wetlands importance |
|
Definition
| habitats for fishes, muskrats, otters, and beavers. |
|
|
