Term
| <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; mso-font-alt:"Century Gothic"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> Double helix |
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Definition
| The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape. |
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Term
| <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; mso-font-alt:"Century Gothic"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> RNA polymerase |
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Definition
| An enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription, using a DNA strand as a template. |
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Term
| <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; mso-font-alt:"Century Gothic"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> DNA polymerase |
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Definition
| An enzyme that assembles DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template. |
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Term
| <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; mso-font-alt:"Century Gothic"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} -->Transcription |
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Definition
| The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template |
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Term
| <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; mso-font-alt:"Century Gothic"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> Translation |
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Definition
| The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a charge of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of ribonucleic acid that encodes genetic information from DNA and conveys it to ribosomes, where the information is translated into amino acid sequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of ribonucleic acid that functions as an interpreter in translation. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon, pick up a specific amino acid, and conveys the amino acid to the appropirate codon on mRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribosome sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine(A), cytosine(C), guanine(G), and uracil(U).; usually single stranded; function in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeoptide termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code. |
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Term
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Definition
| On mRNA, the specific three-nucleotide sequence (AUG) to which an initiator tRNA molecule binds, starting translation of genetic information. |
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Term
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Definition
| On a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA located at the start of a gene that is binding site for RNA polymerase and the place where transcription begins. |
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Term
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Definition
Mutation: A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA; mutation also can occur in the DNA or RNA of a virus; the ultimate source of genetic diversity.
Mutagen: A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation. |
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Term
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Deletion, insertion & substitution
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Definition
Deletion: The loss of one or more nucleotides from a gene by mutation; the loss of a fragment of a chromosome.
Insertion: |
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Term
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Definition
| A microscopic particle capable of infecting cells of living organisms and inserting its genetic material. Viruses are generally not considerd to be alive because they do not display all of the characteristics associated with life. |
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