by definition, evolution occurs.....

a. in a population

b. in all organisms in a given area at a given time

c. in all species across the planet all the time

d. according to lanmarck;s ideas

e. due to inheritable change that can be acquired

what is correct about "scale of nature"?

a. an idea proposed by Christopher Columbus

b. a proposal by Lanmarck that the scale of the Giraff's neck is dependent on the physical pressure put on the neck

c. darwin's idea that evolution hapapens by natural selection

d. another name for adaptation

e. an idea of aristotle

what concept/phenomenon is NOT involved in evolution?

a. all organisms share a common origin

b. overtime, oranisms change from a/the common ancestor

c. an animal's body parts can change over its lifetime, and these acquired changes can be inherited

d. populations live in changing environments

e. all mamals have many similar chracteristics

why is evolution the unifying strngth of biology? because

a. all organisms have the same set of cellular structures/ organells

b. there is no other biological subject that deals with all organisms

c. evolution shows/ testifies relatedness of all organisms

d. evolution is well-supported by scientific mether

e. biologists have chosen evolution to be unifying concept/strength of biology

What is correct about bioremediation? it

a. refers to the use of only prokaryotes to clean messes created by humans

b. has been possible in all contaiminated sites, therefore, any industry can now dump its wastes anywhere

c. is not a practical use of the principles of evolution

d. has been possible in (some) contaminated sites because some organisms have adapted to live in those sites

e. Is a completely uehtical way of applying science

Sexual reproduction is an important contributing factor of/for evolution. Why?

A. Sexual reproduction allows for genetic variation

b. Sexual reproduction can make many generations quickly

c. Finding a mate is not a problem in nature

d. sexual reproduction does not allow for genetic varitation

e. Evolution has to make new species that are sexual-reproductively isolated

The components of Darwinian of evolution, overproduction and limits on population.....

a. were based on findings of Charles Lyell

b. were the influences of Thomas Malthus

c. were the only parts of Darwinian theory that were later found to be not true

d. testify that Darwin never used others' ideas in his publications

e. cannot be applied to humans

Which statement qualifies index fossils.

a. they always occur at the end of a given geologic time and so help scientists to identify an end of an era

b. they are a specific group of minerals in the sedimentary rocks that help identify a specific geologic time

c. remnants of life that occerred during a relatively short geologic time span

d. fossils that were not preserved over a large geographic area but only in some specific regions only so the scientists can use those fossils to identify specific areas with specific life form

e. fossils that have radioactive elements

of the primates below, select the one that diverged from the humans earliest as it evolved from the common primate ancestor?

a. Spider monkey

b. Chimpanzee

c. Gibbon

d. orangutan

e. gorilla

what other variable do you think will also equally work in place of " selected DNA sequence".

a. length of the forearm

b. head volume:total body volume ration

c. shoulder width

d. amino acid sequence of a given protein

e. density (# per unit area) of hair on the skin

Fossil records....

a. show the progression of how recent organisms have evolved from preexisting life

b. provide weak evidence for evolution because most of the fossils are degraded and unidentifiable

c. show how humans evolved from chimpanzees

d. have imprints of all the organisms that lived in the past

e. say nothing about plant life in the past

which of the following is/are characteristics of a populations that allow for evolution to happen

a. possessions of many species thus providing variation

b. environmental change

c. overproduction

d. speciation

e. above A and C

Charles Darwin

a. made all his observations in England and Indonesia

b. was the first who had ideas about evolution

c. presented evidence for evolution of only finches and turtles

d. had ideas similar to thos of alfred wallace about how biodiversity has occured

e. proposed mechanism of evolution through his thinking alone without backing it up with adequate data

features that look similar amd found in different organisms/ species, and have evolved from the same structure of a common ancestor are

a. homologous

b. homoplastic

c. similar in structure/ appearance due to the similar environmental pressures that they had to undergo

d. all of the above

e. a and c

what is correct about birds and dinosaurs

a. they share a common ancestor who lived about 200 billion years ago

b. divergence of birds from dinosaurs happened in Jurassic period

c. ancestors of birds were recent dinosaurs

d. this evolutionary diagram depicts all extant descendant spp. of mniraptora

e. b and c

what is correct about Archaeopterygidae

a. newest birds

b. earliest birds

c. not birds

d. are the birds most closely related to dinosaurs

e. b and d

which groups include the most recently evolved birds

a. mniraptorans

b. enantiomithomorpha and confuciusornithidae

c. nonavian maniraptorans and archaeopterygidae

d. enantiornithomorpha and ornithuromorpha

e. any group of birds that evolved after 176 M.Yr.

Which of the following is most unlikely to have occurred, after many generations, to a small poipulation of finches that reached Galapagos islands from South American mainlan?

a. becoming different from finches in mainland

b. staying unmodified in any way

c. being adapted to eat nuts

d. being able to eat fruits

e. adapting to different environmental pressure/ conditions in different islands

Presence of gill puches in human embryo testifies that...

a. the new born baby may want to adapt to a life in water

b. a human can evolve into a fish someday

c. the most recent acestor of humans was a fish

d. humans are more related to fish than to any other animals

e. organisms in different taxonomic groups are related

The universal genetic code is an extremely powerful evidence for existence/occurence of...

a. common ancestry of all cells

b. evolution of animals from plants

c. evolution of humans from fungi

d. the dependence of translation on dna replication

e. only one set of functions/processes in all organisms

in natural selection, differential survival and reproductive success mean that

a. different organisms reproduce in different ways/ mechanisms

b. a species with characteristics favorable for surviving the environment can reproduce with another species that also has favorable characteristics

c. only thos who survive the environmental change will contribute to the future gene pool  of the population

d. in an environmental change, invariably only some members of a pipulation survive but not all

e. one species will populate/ spread at the expense of other in a given habitat

based in Reznick et al.'s experiment, we did learn the following?

a. predation caused guppies to be more fit and longer living

b. guppies are a good model to test evolutionary hypothesis

c. predation is an evironmental presurre that caused guppies to attain sexual maturity earlier

d. all of the above

e. b and c

according to the modern synthetic theory of evolution, the genetic variabiloty is derived mainly from

a. natural selection

b. mutations

c. survival of the fittest

d. homology

e. homoplasy

thge separation land masses during the long histpry of earth is called

a. biogeography

b. continental drift

c. convergent evolution

d. homology

e. adaptaion

the radioactive element a become element b with a half life of 100000 years. a scientist notice that the sedimentary rock around a fossil that he just found has only 1/8 of the orginal amout of A. what is the approximate age of the fossil in years?

a. 100000

b. 200000

c. 300000

d. 400000

e. 800000

molecular clocks allow us to determine

a. age of any fossil

b. half life of elements

c. wether vestigial structures were present in an ancestor

d. the time of divvergence of two species from an ancestor

e. wether two molecules evolved at the same time

the statement that "ontogeny replays phylogeny" means that

a. by studying the developmental pattern of an organism we can understand some evolutionary history that organism

b. embryology is the most imporant branch of evolution

c. by stuyding the evolutionary history of an organism we can understand how the embryo of that organism develops into an adult

d. most of carolus linneaus's tudies reemphasizes charles darwin's work

e. none of the above

What is an adaptation? a trait that ....

a. improve fitness of the bearer

b. changes in response to environment during th lifetime of an individual

c. was/is ancestral but modified to produce the trait observed today

d. has been reduced in size and complexity

e. is found in all members of a population