Term
Proteins are polymers of
_____ |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acids are linked by
________ |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
GLYCINE
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
ALANINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
VALINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
LEUCINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
ISOLEUCINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
METHIONINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
TRYPTOPHAN |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
PHENYLALANINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
PROLINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
SERINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
THREONINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
CYSTEINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
TYROSINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
ASPARAGINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
GLUTAMINE |
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Definition
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
ASPARTIC ACID |
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Definition
NEGATIVELY CHARGED
[image] |
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
GLUTAMIC ACID |
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Definition
NEGATIVELY CHARGED
[image] |
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
LYSINE |
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Definition
POSITIVELY CHARGED
[image] |
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
ARGININE |
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Definition
POSITIVELY CHARGED
[image] |
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Term
Amino Acid Side Chains
HISTIDINE |
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Definition
POSITIVELY CHARGED
[image] |
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Term
DNA and RNA are (1)____
and the nucleotide is the (2)_____
(monomer and polymer) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
nucleotides without a phosphate group
(Just the sugar and the base) |
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Term
The backbones of nucleic acids are formed by
__________ that has a _______ |
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Definition
3' to 5' phosphodiester
linkages ; negative charge |
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Term
Ribonucleosides have ___ potential hydroxyl groups while deoxyribonucleosides have ___ because _______ |
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Definition
| 3;2; because deoxyribonucleosides only have the 3' and 5' IDK THIS |
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Term
The bases can be described as
hydrophobic/hydrophilic |
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Definition
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Term
Length of a helix is ___Å and ____ bases |
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Definition
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Term
What are the 4 forces that stabilize the Double Helix? |
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Definition
- Hydrophobic effects-Hydrophobic rings
- Stacking interactions- overlapping pi electrons
- Hydrogen bonds - between base pairs
- Charge-Charge interactions-repulsion of negatively charged phosphate groups by cation groups
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Term
Replication is can be described as a ______ process where the copy has ____ of the original molecule but ____ the genetic information
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Definition
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Term
| What is the state of the DNA molecules at the melting temperature? |
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Definition
1/2 of the DNA molecules have seperated |
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Term
Annealing is also known as
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Definition
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Term
What is the "natural" structure of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
What is A-DNA and when does it occur? |
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Definition
A-DNA is B-DNA with a tighter coil and 2 minor grooves
and
it occurs when B-DNA is dehydrated |
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Term
| What is Z-DNA and when does it occur? |
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Definition
Forms when a certain sequence of C and G's are present (Not when B-DNA is extra hydrated)
Is a super coil of B-DNA where there are no groves but there is a left handed helix (which is different) |
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Term
What are circular topoisomerases? |
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Definition
enzymes that can alter the shape of DNA helixes by
1. Cleaving one or both strands
2. Unwinding(or overwinding) the double helix by rotating strands
3. Rejoining ends to remove( or introduce additional) supercoils |
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Term
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Definition
Complexes of DNA and histones |
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Term
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Definition
Positively charged small basic proteins that wrap around DNA to help condense them |
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Term
What are the 3 main types of RNA and what do they have in common? |
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Definition
tRNA(smallest)-73-95 nt -carries AA to ribosomes for polypetide synthesis
mRNA -average of 2000 nt - carries information into translation complex
rRNA (largest) several thousands of nt long; accounts for 80%of RNA in cells; important part of ribosomes
They all are involved in protein synthesis/translation |
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Term
What is a stem-loop/hairpin? |
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Definition
A stable folding pattern of RNA that aids in stability by base pairing double stranded RNA
can vary in size depending on size of the loop and length of stem |
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Term
DNA is replicated by
________ |
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Definition
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Term
What is the function of Polymerase I? |
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Definition
Removes Primers
and Repairs DNA
also can act as an exonuclease |
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Term
| What is the function of DNA Polymerase II? |
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Definition
Repair and
exonuclease activity
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Term
| What is the function of Polymerase III? |
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Definition
Replication(can go back and replace a mistake)
also exonuclease activity |
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Term
All DNA is made from____
and
the template is read from ____ |
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Definition
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Term
How to DNA and RNA polymerases differ? |
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Definition
RNA polymerases do not need primers |
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Term
What do DNA polymerases do exactly? |
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Definition
DNA Polymerases catalyzes phosphodiester linkage formation |
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Term
| What is required for DNA Polymerases to catalyze phosphodiester linkage formation? |
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Definition
An existing DNA template
a Primer
all 4 triphosphates
cations(usually magnesium)
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Term
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Definition
| A primer is the initial segment of a polymer that is growing |
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Term
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Definition
Enzymes that prepare the double helix for unwinding by removing supercoiled DNA |
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Term
What is the function of helicases? |
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Definition
Helicases unwind the DNA to prep for replication |
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Term
What is the function of exonucleases? |
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Definition
Exonuclease activity removes mispaired nucleotide before polymerization continues |
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Term
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Definition
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