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| what happens the larger a cell becomes? |
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Definition
the more demands placed on its dna.
cell has more trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across membrane |
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cell division-second stage
division of the cytoplasm |
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before cell div., each chromosome replicated. each chromosome consists of 2 identical "sister" chromatids b/c of this. one goes to each of the new cells.
chromatids attached at centromere near middle of chromatids |
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Definition
| a period of growth b/t cell division |
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1st phase of mitosis
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
centrioles separate
spindle begins to form
nuclear envelope breaks down |
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Definition
| 2 tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope |
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| fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes |
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2nd phase of mitosis
chromosomes line up across center of cell
all connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere |
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3rd phase of mitosis
sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart |
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Definition
| chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes. 2 nuclear envelopes will form. |
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Definition
| one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells. |
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| a disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth. cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells. |
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Definition
-all living things are composed of cells
-cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
-new cells are produced from existing cells |
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Term
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Definition
large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of dna. controls many of the cell's activities.
contains nearly all the cell's dna and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other molecules. |
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Definition
| portion of the cell outside of the nucleus |
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Definition
surrounds nucleus
2 membranes
pores-allow material in n' out |
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granular material inside nucleus
consists of dna bound to protein |
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Definition
| contain genetic info passed down |
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| small dense region where assembly of ribosomes begins |
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Definition
proteins assembled on them
small particles of RNA & protein found in cytoplasm
produce proteins |
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Definition
| site where lipid components of the cell mebrane are assembled, along w/ proteins & other materials |
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Definition
| sort, modify and package proteins & materials form endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
clean-up device
fillzed w/ enzymes |
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Definition
| store materials such as water & salt & proteins & carbohydrates |
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Definition
| convert carbs and oxygen into CO2 and H2O |
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| capture energy from sunlight & convert into chemical energy in photosynthesis |
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| network of protein filaments that helps cell to maintatin shape |
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Definition
organize cell division
animal cells only |
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Term
cell membrane/
cell wall/
lipid bilayer |
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Definition
supporting layer
regulates what enters & leaves cell
double-layered sheet that makes up membrane |
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Definition
| the mass of a solute in a given volume of solution |
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Definition
| process by which molecules tend to move from a more concentrated area to a less concentrated area. |
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Definition
| when the concentratino of a solute is the same throughout the solution |
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Definition
| diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. |
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Term
| 4 "official" phases of cell division |
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Definition
G1-cell growth
S-DNA replication
G2-prep. for mitosis
M-mitosis/cytokinesis |
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Term
| "unofficial" stages of cell division |
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Definition
prophase
interphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase |
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Term
study notes for eukaryote/prokaryote dif's
and timeline too |
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