Term
| Volitional Facial Paresis |
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Definition
Damage to the primary motor cortex
Inability to voluntarily show emotion on contralateral side |
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Term
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Definition
Damage to the substantia nigra and/or basal ganglia (Parkinson's Desease) Inability to show spontaneous emotion
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Term
Universal (Primary) Emotions
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Definition
| Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise, contempt, embarassment |
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Term
| James-Lange Theory of Emotion |
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Definition
The sequence of events of events is responsible for an emotional experience.
Physiological reponses are followed by conscious awareness and labeling.
We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble |
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Term
| Support for the James-Lange Theory |
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Definition
| Spinal cord injury patients have weaker physiological reactions (upper cervical injuries) report "feeling" less emotion. |
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Term
| Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion |
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Definition
Both physiological and cognitive responses occur simultaneously and independently.
Subcortical simultaneously send signals to the cortex and the hypothalamus.
Explains "swaying bridge results"
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Term
| The Schachter Theory of Emotion |
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Definition
| General arousal leads to cognitive assesment of the context. |
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Term
| Right Hemisphere Has Greater Control of the __________ Division of the ANS |
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Definition
Sympathetic
Fight or Flight |
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Term
| Left Hemisphere Has Greater Control of the ____________ Division of the ANS |
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Definition
Parasympathetic
Resting Activities: Digestion of food, repair of body tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| Results from damage to frontal lobes. Symptoms include tameness, extreme sexual behavior, and oral exploration. Damage to Limbic System. |
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Term
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Definition
Lesion studies point to this structure being involved in fear and aggression
- Part of the limbic sytem
- coordinateas and intergrates the behavioral and physiological components of emotion
- also coordinates the effect of emotion on memory
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Term
| Lateral and Basolateral Nuclei of the Amygdala |
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Definition
| recieve sensory input and project it to the central nucleus |
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Term
| Central Nucleus of the Amygdala |
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Definition
- Mediates the experience of fear and agitation
- Projects to hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, and medulla which contribute to autonomic hormonal response of emotion
- Controls conditioned emotional responses
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Term
| Evidence for James Lange #2 |
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Definition
| While stimulation of the hypothalamus in humans causes an autonomic response, the affective component of fear is only felt when the amygdala is also stimulated. |
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Term
Supporting Evidence of the Importance of Amygdala Nuclei in Emotion
(chemicals) |
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Definition
- Basolateral nucleus= benzodiazephine receptors (GABA agonists) that decrease anxiety
- Central Nucleus= opiate receptors- agonists decrease pain and inhibit species specific fight or flight
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Term
Supporting Evidence of the Importance of Amygdala Nuclei in Emotion
(damage) |
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Definition
- Damage to either basolateral or central nucleus results in decreased emotional behaviors and physiological responses to emotional stimuli (Kluver-Bucy)
- Damage to either nucleus also decreases the impact of emotion on memory (decreased flashbulb memory)
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Term
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Definition
| Large role in the affective component of emotion and the ability of emotion to impact behavior; responsible for percieving the meaning of social situations and translationg knowledge about social situations and consequences of behaviors into appropriate actions and feelings. |
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Term
Orbitofrontal Cortex
(Tasks and Damage) |
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Definition
- Recieves and coordinates input from amygdala, dorsomedial thalamus, temporal cortex, ventral tegmental area, and olfactory system
- Projects back to amygdala, temporal cortex, lateral hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampis, and other parts of the frontal lobe.
- Damage to orbitofrontal cortex results in disinhibition, childishness, lack of responsibility, poor social judgement, lack of emotional response to pain, inability to use anticipated consequences to control behavior, inability to empathize with others
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Term
Frontal Lobe Lobotomy
(Damage) |
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Definition
| Disconnects frontal lobes from either thalamus and hypothalamus (ventral approach) or from the cingulate gyrus (dorsal approach). |
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Term
Frontal Lobe Lobotomy
(results) |
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Definition
- Marked decrease in anxiety, obsessions, and compulsions
- Significant personality changes similar to those seen in the context of orbitofronal brain damage
- No longer performed (30s-50s)
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Term
Tone of Voice
Which hemisphere plays a larger role? |
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Definition
| Right Hemisphere plays a larger role than the left on the oral expression of emotion through tone of vioce in speech |
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Term
Facial Expressions
Which Hemisphere Plays a Larger Role? |
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Definition
| The Right Hemisphere plays a larger role in expression of emotions = Left side of the face more expressive, and shows emotion slightly earlier |
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Term
Tone of Voice
Which Ear Shows Advantage? |
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Definition
| Left ear shows advantage for recognizing emotional tone |
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Term
Tone of Voice
Preference of Ear - Support |
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Definition
- PET studies show bilateral frontal lobe activation (L>R) when interpreting the emotional content dipicted just by words or known situations and only right frontal lobe activation when interpreting tone of voice
- Leison studied- pts with left temporo-parietal damage have difficulty understanding the meaning of spoken words but no difficulty judging emotion from tone of voice; right temporoparietal damage patients show opposite pattern
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Term
Recognizing Facial Expressions
Which Hemisphere is better at recognizing emotion? |
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Definition
- Left visual field advantage for recognizing facial expressions. Amygdala may play a rold in recognizing facial expressions of emotion, particularly fear
- Basal ganglia and gustatory center in anterior insular cortex may mediate recognition of disgust
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