Term
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Definition
How an organism's structure, physiology, and behavior meet the challenges posed by the environment
Ex: How do humpback whales select the areas they give birth in? |
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Term
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Definition
Factors that affect how many individuals of a particular species live in an area
Ex: What environmental factors affect the reproductive rate of deer mice? |
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Term
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Definition
How interactions such as predation, competition, and disease, as well as ABIOTIC factors such as disturbance, affect community structure and organization
Ex: What factors influence the diversity of species that make up a particular forest? |
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Term
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Definition
Energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components
Ex: What factors control photosynthetic productivity in a temperate grassland ecosystem? |
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Term
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Definition
Factors controlling exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms among the ecosystem patches making up a landscape or seascape
Ex: To what extent do the trees lining the drainage channels in this landscape serve as corridors of dispersal for forest animals? |
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Term
Would a oligotrophic lake (One that does not sustain much life) contain high (+) or low (-) levels of the following:
Oxygen level
Nutrient content
Productivity |
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Definition
Oxygen level- +
Nutrient content- -
Productivity- - |
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Term
Would an eutrophic (Dense plant population) lake contain high (+) or low (-) levels of the following:
Oxygen level
Nutrient content
Productivity |
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Definition
Oxygen level -
Nutrient content +
Productivity +
But can also be bad |
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Term
Would the headwater (source of water for a stream) of a stream contain high (+) or low (-) levels of the following:
Oxygen level
Nutrient content
Productivity |
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Definition
Oxygen level -
Nutrient content +
Productivity + |
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Term
Would a turbid river (opaque) contain high (+) or low (-) levels of the following:
Oxygen level
Nutrient content
Productivity |
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Definition
Oxygen level -
Nutrient content +
Productivity + |
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Term
Would an estuary (where tide meets stream)contain high (+) or low (-) levels of the following:
Oxygen level
Nutrient content
Productivity |
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Definition
Oxygen level -
Nutrient content +
Productivity + |
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Term
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Definition
Any of the world's major ecosystems, classified according to predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptions of organisms to that particular environment
Also, reread question 6 porfavor |
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Term
| Why do most animals breed in the spring and early summer? |
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Definition
| Increased day length and responses to particular hormones |
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Term
| The optimal foraging theory |
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Definition
To find the compromise between the benefits of nutrition and the costs of obtaining food and try to minimize the costs of foraging and maximizes the benefits
Trying to do the least work and get the best results |
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Term
| Why are many interactions between members of the same species agonistic (associated with conflict)? |
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Definition
| The agonistic behaviors are often ritualized contests that determine which competitor gains access to a resource such as food or mates. |
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Term
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Definition
Natural selection in favor of behavior by individuals that may decrease their chance of survival but increases that of their kin (who share a proportion of their genes).
So people helping people
Great example, donating limb or something to give life to another |
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Term
| every 100 ft latitude, temp decreases |
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Definition
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Term
According to kin selection, would an individual be more likely to exhibit altruistic behavior
toward a parent, a sibling, or a first cousin? Explain your answer in terms of r in Hamilton’s
rule. |
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Definition
| The r of a parent and individual is 1 which is the biggest number among the Rs between the three. |
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Term
| How does the nature vs. nurture controversy apply to behavior? |
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Definition
| Some (nature) believe that our behaviors are innate(natural) while others believe it is shaped by others around us (nurture) |
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Term
n a mark-recapture study, an ecologist traps, marks and releases 25 voles in a small
wooded area. A week later she resets her traps and captures 30 voles, 10 of which were
marked. What is her estimate of the population of voles in the area? |
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Definition
N= estimate of total pop size
M= # animals marked at first
C= # animals marked and unmarked caught
R= # animals captured twice
N=MC/R |
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Term
| List some density-dependent factors that may limit population growth. |
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Definition
| Few resources, reduction in food supply, competition, predation |
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Term
| List some abiotic factors that may cause population fluctuations. |
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Definition
| Immigration, Emigration, & Metapopulation |
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Term
Name the following 2 types of mimicry:
a. Harmless species resembling a poisonous or distasteful species:
b. Mutual imitation by two or more distasteful species: |
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Definition
Hard so flag it but
Batesian Mimicry= harmless species resembling poisonous
MU:llerian Mimicry= Mutual imitation by 2 or more bad tasting species |
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Term
| An interspecific interaction in which both groups lose not gain is known as |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The deliberate alteration of an ecosystem by adding or removing species, especially predators. |
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Term
| Why is production efficiency higher for fishes than for birds and mammals? |
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Definition
| Birds and mammals use much more energy in keeping body temperature high |
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Term
| In which natural ecosystem do nutrients cycle the fastest? Why? |
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Definition
| Tropical rainforest ecosystem where most organic material decomposes extremely fast (few months to a few years) due to warmer temperatures and constant rain |
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Term
| In which natural ecosystem do nutrients cycle the slowest? Why? |
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Definition
| Aquatic in which decomposition in anaerobic muds can take 50+ years |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The human harvesting of wild plants or animals at rates exceeding the ability of populations of those species to rebound |
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Term
Is the effective population size usually larger or smaller than the actual number of
individuals in the population? Explain. |
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Definition
| Usually smaller because there are numerous traits that can influence effective population size |
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Term
| Effective population size |
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Definition
| Effective population size is the number of individuals in a population who contribute offspring to the next generation. |
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Term
| What conservation strategy is recommended for small populations |
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Definition
| Increase effective size and genetic variation=More can survive |
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Term
| Benefits and harms of corridors |
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Definition
Promoting dispersal and reducing inbreeding in declining populations
Harmful in spread of disease |
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Term
Factors would favor the creation of larger, extensive preserves?
Factors for smaller, unconnected preserves? |
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Definition
Larger: Larger far ranging animals with low density populations such as bears require extensive habitats
Smaller: May slow spread of disease |
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Term
| Major Threats to biodiversity? |
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Definition
Habitat Destruction
Introduced Species
Overexploitation
Disruption of Interaction Networks |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of crops, fibers, and medicines provided by threatened species |
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Term
| What do edges/movement corridors have to do with habitat fragmentation? |
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Definition
Edges are boundaries between ecosystems within ecosystems, defining features of landscapes. Provide resources to both areas
Movement corridors connect otherwise isolated patches=help biodiversity |
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