• Protective protein (enzyme) that digests bacteria cell walls to destroy the bacteria in eyes and the respiratory tract

• The ingestion of invading organisms by white blood cells

• Phagocytic cells

• Leukocytes

• Engulf and destroy microbes sending chemical signals due to damage

• Short-lived

• Highly effective phagocytic cells

• Circulate in blood for hours, then become macrophages

• Largest phagocytic cells

• Long-lived

• Effective

• Engulf microbes using lysosome/vacuole combo

• Leukocytes that defend against larger invaders

• The migration toward the source of a chemical attractant

• Destroy infected/abnormal body cells by lysing them

• Defense mechanism triggered by epithelial tissue damage

• Blood vessels dilate and become leaker to improve infiltration of leukocytes

• Chemical signal released by cells in response to tissue injury

• Leukocytes in connective tissue that produce hitamine

• Leukocytes in connective tissue that produce histamine

• Molecules secreted by blood vessel endothelial cells

• Monocytes that attract phagocytes to injured tissue

• Messenger fatty acids secreted by all tissues

• Molecules released by leukocytes that raise body temperature in order to inhibit microorganism growth and speed phagocytosis

• 20 different antimicrobial serum proteins

• Carry out the steps leading to microbe lysis

• Virus-infected cells secrete these to diffuse neighboring cells

• They are induced to produce virus reproduction-inhibiting chemicals

• Lymphocyte in fully developed bone marrow that makes antibodies

• Mediate humoral immunity

• Lymphocyte in cell-mediated immunity

• Differentiates under influence of thymus

• Foreign molecule that ellicits specific lymphocyte responses

• Proteins secreted by B Cells

• Effector in immune response

• Area on lymphocyte that recognizes antigens

• Called 'membrane antibodies' on B Cell

• Cell that performs response to stimuli from nervous system

• Short-lived clones that combat the lymphocyte's antigen

• Clone of activated lymphocyte

• Long-lived

• Specific for lymphocyte's antigen

• Antigen-driven cloning of lymphocytes

• Antigen activates lymphocyte, which then produces clones designed specifically to fight that antigen

• Lymphocyte activity the first time an antigen is exposed to the body

• Antibody-producing effector B Cells generated by B Cells and T Cells during primary immune response

• Reexposure to an antigen

• Mark body cells as "self" cells

• Molecules on nucleated cells

• Work with cytotoxic T Cells

• Molecules on macrophages, B Cells, and activated T Cells

• Work with helper T Cells

• Ingest and destroy viruses and bactera

• Contain Class II MHC

• Made by macrophages and B Cells

• Fights bacteria and viruses with antibodies

• Associated with B Cells

• Fights fungi, protozoa and parasites, viruses inside host cells and tissue transplants.

• Associated with T Cells

• Binds to MHC II

• Helps join TH and APC

• Binds to MHC I

• Helps join TC and infected cell

• Helps B Cells become plasma cells

• Secreted by macrophage in process of presenting antigen

• Activates TH to produce IL-2 and other cytokines

• Proteins/peptides that stimulate other lymphocytes

• Foreign identified antigens

• Associated with MHC I and TC

• Require TH Cells to stimulate antibody productions

• TH Cells not required

• Small portion of antigen that interacts with antibodies

• Class of proteins that function as antibodies

• Polypeptide chains that make up antibodies

• Created in culture

• Come from a single B Cell clone

• Specific for one epitope on an antigen

• Antibody deactivates antigen by binding to it to block activity

• Antibodies bind to microbe surface to facilitate phagocytosis by macrophage

• Bacteria/viruses are clumped, neutralized and opsonized

• Antigen-antibody complexes activate complement proteins, which make pores and lyse cells

• Formed by complement proteins

• Create pores

• Antibodies and complement proteins attach to phagocyte, which then adheres to blood vessel walls

• Pathogens become easier prey

• Depends on response of person's immune system

• Includes vaccination

• Antibodies transfered from one person to another

• Combos of A and B antigens on red blood cells

• IgG antibodies generated

• Positive fetus and negative mother means the fetus will be viewed as foreign

• Degranulation causes blood vessel dilation

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• Retrovirus infects cells with CD4