Term
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Definition
| Capturing the sun's kinetic energy as potential (chemical) energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Metabolic Reaction to attain energy from food |
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Term
| Cellular Respiration formula |
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Definition
| C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy |
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Term
| How does cellular respiration relate to photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reduction-Oxidation Reaction (Redux) |
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Definition
| The transfer of electrons in chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Where a molecule, atom or ion gains an electron. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where a molecule, atom or ion loses an electron. |
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Term
| True or false: Oxidation and reduction can occur separately. |
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Definition
| False: Oxidation and Reduction must occur together. |
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Term
| What features of a molecule creates more energy? |
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Definition
| More electrons and more bonds. |
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Term
| What is reduced in photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is oxidized in photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the processing stats about glucose conversion to ATP? |
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Definition
| 34% is converted to ATP, the rest is lost as heat. |
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Term
| How much ATP do muscle cells use and regenerate? |
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Definition
| They use and regenerate ~10 million ATP per second. |
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Term
| What are the three main stages of Cellular Respiration? |
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Definition
| - Glycolysis - Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs) - Oxidative Phosphorlyation |
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Term
| What is another word for pyruvate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much ATP is produced in glycosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does glyclyosis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle Formula |
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Definition
| Acetyl CoA ---> NADH + FADH2 + ATP + CO2 |
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Term
| How much ATP is formed in the Citric Acid cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the citric acid cycle occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many mitochondria are there in a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Electrons transfer down a number of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria from top to low energy, releasing energy with each step. |
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Term
| Where does Oxidative Phosphorlation occur? |
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Definition
| The inner mitochondrial membrane |
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Term
| How much ATP is generated during Oxidative Phosphorylation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does Acetyl CoA come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Substrate-level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| When an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP to form ATP. |
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Term
| What generates ATP in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? |
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Definition
| Substrate-level phosphorylation |
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Term
| What role do NADH and FADH2 play? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protein generates the production of the ATP in Oxidative Phosphorlyation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the slang for Glycolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1 glucose --> 2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2 ATP |
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Term
| What phases is glycolysis composed of? |
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Definition
| Energy investment and energy payoff phase |
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Term
| How many carbons comprise a glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many carbons compose pyruvate? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or fasle: glycolysis is a simple process |
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Definition
| False: Glycolysis has ten enzymmatically controlled steps |
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Term
| Formula for Pyruvate Oxidation |
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Definition
| 2 pyruvate --> 2 Acetyle CoA + 2NADH + 2CO2 |
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Term
| What is Citric Acid Cycle also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of reaction is the Citric Acid cycle composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Formula for Citric Acid Cycle |
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Definition
| 2 Acetyl CoA --> 2ATP + 6NADH + 2FADH2 + 4CO2 |
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Term
| How is energy found at the end of the Citric Acid Cycle? |
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Definition
- ATP
- NADH and FADH
- Heat |
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Term
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Definition
| Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide |
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Term
| What is the innermitochondrial membrane in prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Folds in mitochondria membrane that increases the surface area |
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Term
| What lines the innermitochondrial membrane? |
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Definition
| Electron transport chain proteins |
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Term
| What happens along the electron transport chain? |
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Definition
| A series of redox reactions where electrons are slowly released. |
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Term
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Definition
| The space enclosed by the inner membrane of the mitochondria. |
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Term
| What is the final electron accepter in the electron transport chain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens with the inner membrane in Oxidative Phosphorlylation? |
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Definition
| H+ ions are pumped through it to the outside so as to create a concentration gradient. |
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Term
| In what direction are the H+ ions first directed |
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Definition
| Out into the intermembrane space. |
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Term
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Definition
| H+ ions move passively down the concentration gradient through ATP Synthase, powering the production of ATP |
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Term
| How much ATP is produced in total from cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: the only molecule that can be used for cellular respiration is glucose. |
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Definition
| False: Other molecules may be used, but glucose is convenient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Respiration that uses a terminal electron acceptor other than O2 |
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Term
| What is the enegy yield of Anerobic Respiration? |
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Definition
| Lower than aerobic respiration |
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Term
| What causes the lower energy yield of Anerobic Respiration? |
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Definition
| Lower electronegativity without oxygen |
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Term
| What are the methods through which ATP can be generated without the use of oxygen? |
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Definition
| Anerobic Respiration and Fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
| A way of harvesting chemical energy without oxygen |
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Term
| WHat happens in fermentation? |
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Definition
| 2 ATP is produced through glycolysis. |
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Term
| For what kind of organisms does fermentation serve as a sufficient energy source? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is fermentation needed for? |
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Definition
| To oxidize NADH to NAD+ for reverse glycolysis. |
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Term
| What are the two types of fermentation? |
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Definition
| Lactic acid and alcohol fermentation. |
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Term
| When do cells switch from aerobic respiration to Lactic acid fermentation? |
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Definition
| During strenuous exercise when oxygen is scarce. |
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Term
| What happens to the lactate in Lactic Acid Fermentation? |
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Definition
| It is carried to the liver where it is converted to Acetyl CoA to be used in the Citric Acid Cycle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the two organism types that use anaerobic respiration? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that are poisoned by oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organsisms that use O2 if available, but can survive without it. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many carbons are in Acetoyl CoA? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what kind of organisms does glycolysis occur in the cytosol? |
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Definition
| Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. |
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Term
| What happens to the FAD and NAD+ after they donate their electrons during Oxidative Phosphorylation? |
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Definition
| They are trasported back to glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. |
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Term
| What are the two processes through which ADP becomes ATP? |
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Definition
| Substrate level Phosphorylation and through ATP Synthase |
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