fcn: physical barrier, selective permeable, sensitivity, structure support.

lipid bilayer, 2back 2 back layer, made of phoospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, glycolipid

controlled cond: temp

Stimulus- disruption that causes change in controlled cond, ex: heat from stove

three components:

receptor

modulator

effector

Responsiveness-irrirability-adapt

movement

growth

reproductive

Metabolism-absorb/reasorb, excretion

Differentation- change one form to another

Sex Cells

male -sperm

female- oocyte

Somatic cells

all other cells

The maintenance of relatively stable condition

ex: body temp, Ph, blood sugar, c02, waste

Nervous System=nerves

Endocrine System=w/ hormones, effects other system

Atom

chemical

organelle

cellular

tissue

organ

organ syst

organism

Study of fcn of human body

physio= nature

ology= study of

maintain homeostasis-

cycle of events, body condition, continually monitored, evaluateds, re-monitored, re-eval

study of structure of human body

ana= up

tomy=cut

thus the study of the structure of the human body using disecion

Gross Anatomy

microscopic

cytology

histology

lrg structure visible to eye

structures need magnified

study of cell structure

study of tissues

Systems of the body

11

Skeletal

muscular

cardiovascular

lymphatic

nervous

endocrine

integumentary

respiratory

digestive

urinary

reproductive

bones, cartilage & joints, ligaments that secure bones to joints

axial skeleton( skull vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sternum, supporting cart & ligaments) bone marrow

FCN: support, protect, blood, stores minerals

cutaneous menbranes

epidermis

dermis, hair follicle, hair, sweat gland,nails,sensory receptors, sucutaneous layer

FCN: protect, strength, sensation, prespiration, cooling, sensation touch, pressure, temp, pain, stores lipids; attaces to deeper structure

FCN: locomotion, provides support, produce heat, protect, entrance to digestive tract, tendon

nervous system

CNS:brain, spinal cord, special senses, PNS

directs immediate response to stimuli, coord activities w/ other organ systems

pineal gland, pitutary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, supraneal glands,kidkey, pancreas, gonads, testies, ovary

FCN: direct long-term changes of other organ systems, hormones

Pineal gland

Pitutary gland

parathyroid

supraneal gland

kidney

pancreas

gonads

testies

ovaries

PG-timing of repro and set day night bio rhythms

pitutary gland- control other endocrine glands, regulates growth & fluid balance

Parathyroid- regulates calcium w/ thyroid

supraneal gland-adj h20 bal, tissue metabolism, cardiovascular & resp act

kidney- control RBC producion & elevate BP

Pancreas- regulates blood glucose level

testes

ovaries

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

heart, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries, veins, blood

FCN: transport cells & dissolved materials, nutrients, waste and gases

heart-propels blood/BP

Blood vessel-distrib blood

arteries-carry blood from heart to capillaries

capillaries-permit diffusion between blood & interstital fluids.

veins-return blood from capillaries to heart

blood- tranpoer oxygen, carbon dioxide, blood cells, nutrients, hormones, remove waste reg &defend disease

FCN: defend againt infection&disease returns tissue to bloodstream

lymphatic vessels-carry lumph, lymphocytes, from peripheral tissue to veins of cardio

lymph nodes- monotor comp of lymph;engulf pathogens, stim immune response

spleen:monitors circulating blood,engulf pathogens, immune response

thymus-tcells

FCN: process food, absorb nutrients

mouth-receptacle for food, mastication

salivary gland-provide buffer and lube, produce enzyme that begin to digest.

pharynx-conducts solid food, liquid to espohagus chamber shared w/ respiratory tract

esophagus-delivers food to stomach

stomach-secrets acids & enzymes

sm intes-secretes diget enzymes, buffer and hormone;absorb nutrients

Liver- secretes bile;regulates nutrient composition of blood

gallbladder-stores & concentrates biles for release into sm intestine

pancreas:secreates digest enzymes and buffers;contains endocrine cells

lrg inst: removes h20 from fecal material;stores waste

FCN: eliminates excess h20, salts and waste

Kidney- form & concentrate urine;reg blood ph,ion concentration perf;endo fcn.

ureters: conducts urine from kidney to uniary bladder

urinary bldder-stores urine for removal elimination

urethra: conducts urine exerior

 the bottom of the spine and lies between the fifth segment of the lumbar spine (L5) and the coccyx (tailbone).

The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone and consists of five segments (S1 – S5) that are fused together

Superior/inferior

cephalic/cranial caudal

anterior/posterior

ventral/dorsal (spcord)

lateral/medial

distal/proxmial

deep/superfacial

supine/prone

Cranial cavity

&

Vertebral/spainal cord

Ventral Cavity

Thoracic Cavity

Pleural Cavity Surrounds right/left lungs-lungs

mediastinum-contains trachea, esophagus, major vesses heart/centeral area

pericardial cavity-HEART surrounds heart

Abdominal cavity

contains peritoneal cavity~ABD CAVITY-contains digestive glands organs

Pelvic Cavity- uniary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digetstive tract

abdominal regions

epigastric-region

umbilical-region

hypogastric-region

Hypochondriac R & L

LUMBAR R & L

INGUNIAL R & L

epigastric-liver,stomach

umbilical-gallbladder,lrg/sm intestine

hypogastric-appendix, urinary bladder

Hypochondriac Right-

Hypochondriac LEFT- spleen

LUMBAR R & L

INGUNIAL R & L

right upper quad

left upped quad

right lower quad

left lower quad

RUQ -LUQ

RLQ-LLQ

RUQ -LUQ

RLQ-LLQ

front, before

back

the scapula is located dorsal side of body

toward tail

yhe hips are caudal to the waist

toward attached base

thigh is proximal to the foot

away from

the finger is distal to the elbow

separates anterior & posterior portions of body

coronal usually refers to sections passing thru the skull

cytoskeleton- Microtuble & Microfilaments

FCN: Increase surface ares faciliatat absorb of excellular material

Microvilli:  FCN movment of material over cell surface

composition: membrane ext contain microtubules in dublets 9+2 array

Centrosomes & CENTRIOLES: FCN: stretch/support, movment of cellular surface

Cila: FCN:  movement of chromosomes during cell division

Ribosomes: protein synthesis

comp: RNA+protein;fixed ribo bound to tough endo plas ret, free ribo scattered in cytoplasm

LIPID BILAYER, CONTAINING PHOSPHOLIPDS, STERIODS, PROTEIN &CARBS

fcn: ISOLATION ; PROTECT;SENSITIVITY;SUPPORT, REGULATION OF EXCHANGE WITH ENVIRONMENT CONTROL ENTRANCE & EXIT

FLUID COMPONENT OF CYTOPLASM;CONTAIN INSOLUBLE MATERIAL

FCN: DISTRUBUTE MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION, STORES GLYCOGEN, PIGMENTS AND MATERIAL

PACKAGING OF EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL INTO A VESICLE AT THE CELLS SURFACE  FOR IMPORTANT INT THE CELL IS TERMED ENCOCYTOSIS

fcn: INVOLVES LRG  VOLUMES OF EXTRA CELLULAR MATERIAL, BULK TRANSPORT