Term
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Definition
key to translating nucleotide sequence to amino acids
universal= all organisms share nearly all the code, genes from 1 species to be expressed in a 2nd |
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Term
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Definition
| most amino acids have greater than 1 codon |
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Term
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Definition
RNA's that carry amino acids and bind mRNA codons
-attachment site at 1 end for specific aa
-contain anti- codon |
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Term
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Definition
| region that binds antiparallel to its aa specific mRNA codon using base pair rules |
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Term
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Definition
| attach the correct aa to each tRNA type |
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Term
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Definition
small ribosomal subunit and initiator tRNA find the start codon
-binds 5' of mRNA and scans toward the 3' for first AUG
-initiator tRNA binds AUG and sets the reading frame, choice of nucleotide triplet groups |
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Term
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Definition
next aa- tRNA binds mRNA codon at "A" site
-peptide bonds form between 2 aa
-transfers growing chain to A site tRNA
-new aa added to the C terminus of the polypeptide
-catalyzed by an rRNA (ribozyme)
-ribosome moves 5' to 3'down mRNA by 1 codon
-old tRNA exits, repeat |
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Term
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Definition
from 1st codon to 1st in frame stop codon
-untranslated regions (UTR's) exist on other side |
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Term
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Definition
stop codon at the A site binds the release factor, protein that releases the new polypeptide from the tRNA
-mRNA and ribosome subunits separate |
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Term
| post transitional modification |
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Definition
chemical changes, removal of amino acids
ex. insulin |
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Term
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Definition
molecular shipping labels in polypeptide sequence
ex. secreted proteins at N terminal
- cause ribosomes to bind to rough er membrane at pore
- new protein injected into er lumen |
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Term
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Definition
a hydrophobic region that stays in the bilayer
-requires additional signal sequences to cross bilayer |
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