Term
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Definition
| chromosomal fragment without a centromere which will be lost during nuclear division |
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Term
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Definition
| polyploid individual or species whose chromosomes derive from two or more closely related species |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which the somatic chromosome complement of an individual is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of chromosomes found in the gametes of the species due to addition or loss of one or more whole chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| polyploid individual or species in which all chromosomes derive from the same species |
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Term
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Definition
| a strucurally altered chromosome carrying one or more inversions or translocations that is used to maintain detrimental recessive mutants in the homolog with normal gene order by crossover suppression i.e. production of inviable crossovers. A dominant mutant marker is usually incorporated into a balancer chromosome to make its presence visible |
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Term
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Definition
| change in the normal number or structure of a chromosome |
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Term
| chromosomal rearrangement |
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Definition
| mutation in the structure of a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a mutation caused by the loss or deletion of part of a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| one with two centromeres that forms an anaphase bridge during nuclear division which breaks causing deleted and duplicated chromosomal regions in daughter nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which the somatic chromosome complement is 2n or twice the number of chromosomes found in gametes of the species |
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Term
| down syndrome or trisomy 21 |
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Definition
| the syndrome expressed by humans having the abnormal karyotype 47, +21 |
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Term
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Definition
| a chromosomal aberration in which a segment of a chromosome is repeated |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which the somatic chromosome complement of an individual is a multiple of the species full monoploid set of chromosomes |
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Term
| familial down syndrome or partial trisomy 21 |
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Definition
| inherited type of down syndrome caused by a translation of chromosome 21 to an autosome usually chromosome 14 which results in trisomy for most of chromosome 21 |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in the copy number of a gene. gene amplification can occur by differential replication of a gene within a chromosome by chromosomal duplication by replication of whole chromosomes or by extrachromosomal replication |
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Term
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Definition
| a chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromsome is reversed. A paracentric inversion does not include the centromere in the inverted segment while a pericentric inversion does |
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Term
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Definition
| three neculeotide sequences amplified from 10-50 copies up to 1000 copies in or near a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| aneuploid condition in which the somatic chromosome compliment is 2n-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| aneuploid condition in which the somatic chromosome complement is 2n-2 due to the loss of one pair of homologs |
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Term
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Definition
| mutation that can be mapped to single locus at the molecular level the substitution, deleteion or addition of a single necleotide pair in the DNA of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| euploidy in which the somatic chromosome complement is 3x or greater |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in the expression of a gene resulting from a change in its position within the genome. Variegated position effect appears as a mosaic pattern caused by an instability in the phenotypic expression of a gene moved to a new position into or adjacent to heterochromatin. |
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Term
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Definition
| aneuploid condition in which the somatic chromosome complement is 2n+2 one set of homologous chromosomes having two additional homologs |
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Term
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Definition
| a chromosomal aberration in which a segment of one chromosome is transferred to another. The most common is a reciprocal translostion in which nonhomologous chromosomes have exchanged segments. |
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Term
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Definition
| a DNA sequence capable to moving from one location to another in a genome. (jumping genes) |
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Term
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Definition
| euploidy in which the somatic chromosome complement is 3x |
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Term
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Definition
| aneuploid condition in which the somatic chromosome complement is 2n+1. In double trisomic individuals two different pairs of homologous chromosomes have an extra long homolog |
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Term
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Definition
| crossing over associated with asymmetrical pairing of duplicate genes in individuals homozygous for the duplication and resulting in three gene copies in one crossover product and one copy in the other. |
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