Term
| what is community ecology? |
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Definition
| focused on multiple species and explaining the coexistence and interactions |
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Term
| predator vs. parasites comparison |
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Definition
preds- same size as prey, similar or slower rate of population increase as prey, tend to satiate
parasites- smaller than prey, faster rate of population increase, insatiable |
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Term
| which 2 characteristics allow parasites to overcome predator and prey, alike. |
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Definition
| faster rate of pop. increase, insatiable |
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Term
| draw a traditional trophic cascade and then 2 ways to add a parasite to it. |
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Definition
pred--->herbivore--->plant
pred or parasite-->herbivore,plant
parasite-->predator-->herbivore, plant |
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Term
| describe a real life example of a trophic cascade with parasites as predators |
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Definition
| parasite can infect urchins and kill them off which makes kelp overgrow. redundancy with sea otter predator. |
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Term
| what is the healthy herds hypothesis? if a community functions according to this hypothesis, hat happens if predators are reduced? why? |
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Definition
| predators removing sick individuals keeps the population as a whole healthy. if predators reduced there is a spike in infecteds and an overall decrease in population number |
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Term
| how did canine distemper arrive in wild lion populations? what kind of trophic cascade does the CDV situation in lions represent? |
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Definition
| domestic dogs-->wild dogs-->lions eat domestic dogs. shows parasite as predator acting on another predator |
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Term
| Describe the Anolis lizard example. what does this illustrate? |
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Definition
| describes parasites increasing diversity. A.wattsi only survives were malaria infects A.gingivinus. can only compete with parasitized lizard. wattsi not found in areas where no malaria |
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Term
| describe the red squirrel/grey squirrel in the UK example. what does this illustrate? |
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Definition
| demonstrates parasites reducing diversity. parasite kills red squirrels but not the grey squirrel |
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Term
| is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites? why or why not? what does this have to do with salt marshes, estuaries, and biomass? |
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Definition
| yes, parasites drive biodiversity, shape population dynamics. individuals not healthy but whole ecosystem is healthy |
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Term
| how can parasites have a positive effect on the ecosystem and a negative effect on the individual? |
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Definition
| malaria has positive effect on ecosystem by allowing A.wattsi to survive and enhance lizard diversity, but on the individual level, A.gingivinus is not healthy bc it has malaria |
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Term
| which species of parasites in the salt marshes were used as indicators of ecosystem health? what happened over time in the restored salt marshes. |
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Definition
| trematodes. species richness improved in restored areas with trematodes |
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Term
| what are some pros and cons of using trematodes as ecosystem health indicators? |
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Definition
pros- cheaper, easier to use than birds or fish
cons-not always good indicators, trematodes are poorly identified |
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Term
| do parasites interact with each other? if so, what is an example? |
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Definition
| yes, communities interact in the gut or they can compete with each other |
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Term
| what was the relationship between worm prevalence and TB incidence in buffalo populations? |
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Definition
| more worms means less TB incidence in buffalo |
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Term
| why does antibiotic treatment upset patient guts? what is a potential solution? |
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Definition
| antibiotic kills healthy gut microbes also so digestion is messed up. |
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