Term
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Definition
| historical relationships among populations or species. |
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Term
| cladogram/ phylogenetic tree |
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Definition
| pictoral "family tree" displaying phylogeny |
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Term
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Definition
| from chimpanzees, more virulent, more affecting |
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Definition
| from sooty mangabays, east african, less virulent |
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Definition
| representative of a common ancestor |
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Definition
| distinct groups that branch off from the ancestral population |
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Term
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Definition
| natural selection on the individuals of a population |
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Term
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Definition
| speciation of different populations |
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Term
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Definition
| present organisms are found in the same locale as extinct forms that are related. |
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Term
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Definition
useless or rudimentary version of a body part essential in another related species.
-kiwi wing
-snake spur
-human tail bone |
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Term
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Definition
fossil that documents an evolutionary transition from one being to another.
past species intermediate in form. Does not have to be the exact link. Does not have to link an extinct and extinct species, can link extinct and extinct species.
-archeopterix |
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Term
| evidence for decent with modification |
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Definition
Everything!
-soapberry bugs and shorter beaks
-archeopterix and dinosaurs |
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Term
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Definition
| structures, (bones), which "match up", or have similar or the same bones, tissues, ect. may or may not perform the same function. Shows descent from a common ancestor with those bones. |
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Term
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Definition
similarities in developmental embryos.
"Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"
-pharyngeal pouches
-tails |
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Term
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Definition
| same DNA sequences that code for the same amino acids which may be built into the same, or similar proteins. UGA=stop |
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Term
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Definition
| Evolution needs deep time to allow for change to occur over thousands of generations for speciation to occur. |
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Term
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Definition
-vestigial leg bones
-DNA evidence sequencing and bootstrapping |
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Term
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Definition
gene that has gained so many mutations it is no longer functional, due to lack of use and natural selection not selecting to keep it
-leprosy versus TB |
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Term
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Definition
Tb and Leprosy with fossil genes
Wisdom teeth
Olfactory sense in humans
If you do not need a function, it takes up energy to produce and those energy sources can be better allocated to structures that increase fitness. |
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Term
| natural selection and descent with modification relationship |
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Definition
| Natural selection is a process in play brought about by the phenomena that the most fit to survive and reproduce live and bring more offspring. Nature will shape organisms, if allotted enough time in response to environmental change, to different forms that are better suited to that environment, or they will go extinct. This change over time, evolution, looks outwardly as a descent, through time, with modification, of physical characteristics. |
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Term
| methedological naturalism |
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Definition
| assuming natural forces are the only forces at play and not taking into account supernatural phenomena. |
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Term
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Definition
| believing nothing else exists and performing research as if nothing else exists other than nature |
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Term
| Why brown gophers in white sands? |
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Definition
| Melanin production in hair thickens hair against sand abrasion. |
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Term
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Definition
development of one characteristic may impede in the development of another characteristic, both which may be benificial, however one must invest into one, or the other, or strike a balance.
Gophers, white camoflouge or unabraisive fur. Standing up straight or easy birth. Good depth perception or good predator awarness. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process where more physically and sexually fit individuals survive and reproduce. |
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Term
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Definition
| tradeoff between feeding, fighting and reproducing |
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Term
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Definition
| heritability, non random mating, |
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Term
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Definition
| a trait that is novel or adapted that allows an individual to be more apt at surviving and reproducing |
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Term
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Definition
| # of offspring you produce |
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Term
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Definition
adapted in moles for digging
adapted in pandas for grasping
non-adapted in humans
homology-adaptation, evidence for evolution |
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Term
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Definition
melanin
sternum for muscles for flying and swimming through dirt. |
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Term
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Definition
| dawrinian postulates + mendel's genetics |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic all members of a group share |
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Term
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Definition
| the simplest explanation is best |
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Term
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Definition
| two species of different origins due to the same environmental stressors evolve to similar forms |
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Term
| analogous structures/ homoplasy |
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Definition
| similar structures yet no ancestral inheritance of those structures |
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Term
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Definition
| reversal of a nucleotide from past nucleotide changes A->T->A |
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Term
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Definition
| contains all descendants of a common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| do not contain decedents of a common ancestor. (bad) |
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