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Bio 241
Chapter 1 study Questions
47
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/03/2012

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Term
Chemical
Definition
– atoms combined to form molecules
Term
Cellular
Definition
– cells are made of molecules
Term
Tissue
Definition
– consists of similar types of cells
Term
Organ
Definition
– made up of different types of tissues
Term
Organ system
Definition
– consists of different organs that work closely together
Term
Organismal
Definition
– made up of the organ systems
Term
1 Chemical level
Definition
Atoms combine to
form molecules.
Term
2 Cellular level
Definition
Cells are made up of
molecules. ie. smooth muscle cells
Term
3 Tissue level
Definition
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells. ie smooth muscle tissue
Term
4 Organ level
Definition
Organs are made up
of different types
of tissues.
Term
5 Organ system level
Definition
Organ systems consist of
different organs that
work together closely. ie. cardiovascular system
Term
6 Organismal level
Definition
The human organism
is made up of many
organ systems. ie. the human body
Term
Integumentary System
Definition
Forms the external body covering.
Composed of the skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails
Protects deep tissues from injury and synthesizes vitamin D
Term
Skeletal System
Definition
Composed of bone, cartilage, and ligaments
Term
Muscular System
Definition
Composed of Muscles and Tendons
Term
Nervous System
Definition
Composed of Brain, Spinal column, and Nerves.
Term
Cardiovascular System
Definition
Composed of the heart and blood vessels.
Term
Lymphatic System
Definition
Composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels
Houses white blood cells involved with immunity.
Term
Respiratory System
Definition
Composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Term
Digestive System
Definition
Composed of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and liver
Term
Urinary system
Definition
Composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
– ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body
Term
Superior (cranial)
Definition
- toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
Term
Inferior
Definition
– away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Term
Anterior (Ventral)
Definition
– toward the front of the body; in front of
Term
Posterior (Dorsal)
Definition
-toward the back of the body; behind
Term
Medial
Definition
-toward the midline of the body; the inner side of
Term
Lateral
Definition
-away from the midline of the body; the outer side of
Term
Intermediate
Definition
between a more medial and lateral structure
Term
Proximal
Definition
– closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body
Term
Distal
Definition
-farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Term
Superficial
Definition
-toward the body surface
Term
Deep
Definition
-away from the body surface; more internal
Term
Parietal serosa
Definition
lines internal body walls
Term
Visceral serosa
Definition
covers the internal organs
Term
Serous fluid
Definition
separates the serosae
Term
Serosa
Definition
membrane
Term
Right hypochondriac region
Definition
Liver and Gallbladder
Term
Epigastric region
Definition
Stomach and Liver
Term
Left hypochondriac region
Definition
Stomach and Small intestines
Term
Right lumbar region
Definition
Gallbladder and Ascending colon of the large intestine
Term
Umbilical Region
Definition
Small intestine and Transverse colon Large intestine
Term
Left Lumbar Region
Definition
-Descending Colon of the large intestine
-Small intestine
Term
Right iliac
Definition
Cecum and Appendix
Term
Hypogastric Region
Definition
Small intestine and Urinary Bladder
Term
Left iliac Region
Definition
Small intestine and Sigmoid Colon
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