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| process by which chemical substances (nutrients) are acquired from the environment and used for cellular activities (transfer to chemicals) |
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| substances that must be provided to an organism |
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large quantities roles in cell structure and metabolism
EX: proteins and carbohydrates |
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| micronutrients or trace elements |
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small amounts, enzyme function, differ in microbes
EX: Manganese, zinc, nickel |
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organism uses inorganic carbon forms made by other living organisms
EX: Horse |
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Organism uses inorganic forms of carbon (CO2) to make organic carbon source (Glucose)
EX: plants, algae, cyanobacteria |
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| microbes use chemical energy to make organic C |
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| microbes use light energy to make organic C (photosynthesis) |
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Energy Source: Son light (Light E) converted to chemical E
Carbon Source :Inorganic C (CO2) make to organic C (sugar and producers)
Photosynthesis: Produce sugar and oxygen gas, have chlorophyll
Examples: Algae, plants cyanobacteria |
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Energy Source: From chemical E (most organic sources) to make chemical energy, NO sunlight
Carbon Source: Inorganic C (CO2) converted to organic C
Make all organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules (H gas, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, Iron-containing compounds)
Examples:
-Archea: Extremophiles, deep sea
-Methanogens: Produce methane from H gas & CO2
-Halophiles: Organisms live in high conc of salt |
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Energy Source: Sun light E converted to chemical E
Carbon Source: Organic C to make another organic C
Photosynthesis with NO oxygen made (other acceptor), have bacteriochlorphyll, Reactants hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide gas
EX: Purple (non/ sulfur) and green photosynthetic bacteria |
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Definition
Energy source: Chemical E converted to another chemical E
Carbon Source: Organic C converted to another Organic C
Types:
-Parasite: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, animals
-Saprobe: fungi, decomposers (bacteria)
Examples: viruses to helminths: bacteris, fungi, protozoa, animals |
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| produce methane from H gas and CO2 |
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| organisms that derive nutrients from cells or tissues of a host, harmful (pathogens) |
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| Obligate intercellular parasite |
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| Fungi, decomposers (bacteria) |
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| substance dissolved in another substance (Ion, Sugars) |
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| substance that solutes dissolve in (water) |
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-does not require energy
-substance exist in a gradient:
move from area of higher concentration towards areas of lower concentration
EX:
-Diffusion
-Osmosis: diffusion of water
-Facilitated diffusion: requires a carrier |
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Definition
atoms and molecules in constant motion, motion increase with increase temp
Net movement of molecules/ solutes from high conc to low conc |
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Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (choose what molecules enter and leave cell)
Water move to the side where the conc of molecules/ solutes is higher |
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| requires a carrier, specific substance |
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-requires energy (ATP)
-require specific membrane carrier protiens (perm eases, carriers and pumps)
-gradient independent: against diffusion gradient: move from low conc to high conc (molecules, phosphates, metal ions)
EX:
-Active Transport
-Group translocation: transported molecule chemically altered
-Bulk transportation: endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis |
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