• lack membrane-bounded nucleus
• small compared to eukaryotic cells
• plasma membrane is bounded by cell wall
• cell wall surrounded by capsule or slime layer
• motile bacteria have very thin flagellum composed of protein called glagellin
• fimbriae help bacteria attach to appropriate surface
• they can excahnge DNA by way of sex pili
• have single chromosome called nucleoid
• cytoplasm has thousands of ribosomes for synthesis of proteins

• has nucleus which houses DNA
• less surface area per volume than prokaryotic cells

nuclear envelope: double membrane with nuclear pores that encloses nucleus

chromatin: diffuse threads containing DNA and protein

nucleolus: region that produces subunits of ribosomes

particles that carry out protein synthesis

receive mRNA from nucleus, and this nucleic acid carries a coded message from DNA indicating the correct sequence of amino acids in a protein

the nucleus communicates with ribosomes in the cytoplasm

a type of plastid

plastids are plant and algal organelles bound by double membrane

contain cholorphyll and carry on photosynthesis

found in cells where energy is most needed

have double membrane

often called the powerhouses of cell since they produce most of ATP used by cell