Term
| What has weight and take up space? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is matter composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What elements make up 95% of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which subatomic particles does the nucleus of an atom contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| An orbital of an atom contains which subatomic particles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What charge does a proton have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What charge does a neutron have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What charge does an electron have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does an atom have a charge? |
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Definition
| no; same number of protons (positive charges) as the number of electrons (negative charges) |
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Term
| The atomic number is equal to the number of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The number of electrons is equal to the number of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The atomic weight is equal to what? |
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Definition
| number of protons plus the number of neutrons |
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Term
| What determines the reactivity of the atom? |
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Definition
| the number of electrons in the outermost energy shell (orbit) |
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Term
| How many electrons will fill the first shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many electrons will fill the second shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many electrons will fill the third shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weight are what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do the isotopes of the same elements all react the same way? |
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Definition
| yes; WHY? they have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell |
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Term
| When two or more different atoms bind together in a chemical reaction, they are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| When atoms lose or gain electrons to form bonds, this bond is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| When atoms share electrons, this bond is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| When atoms lose or gain electrons and become electrically charged they are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reaction when reactants combined to form new products (building of molecules) and energy is required? Give two names. |
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Definition
| synthesis reaction (anabolism) |
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Term
| What is the reaction when compounds break down into smaller parts and energy is released? |
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Definition
| decomposition reaction (catabolism) |
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Term
| When substances dissociate as they dissolve in water, release ions and conduct an electric current, what are these substances called? |
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Definition
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Term
| List three types of electrolytes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an electrolyte called when it has a pH of less than 7? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an electrolyte called when it has a pH of more than 7? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a substance that has a pH of 7? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pH range of human blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pH of human gastric juice? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the organic compound whose main function is to provide energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three types of CHO (carbohydrates)? |
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Definition
| monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides |
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Term
| What are simple sugars called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give three examples of monosaccharides. |
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Definition
| glucose, fructose, galactose |
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Term
| What are two simple sugars bound together called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What monosaccharides make up maltose? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What monosaccharides make up sucrose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is milk sugar called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What monosaccharides make up lactose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organic compounds are insoluble in water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is common fat called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the building blocks of triglycerides? |
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Definition
| a glycerol portion + 3 fatty acid chains |
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Term
| What makes up most of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the building blocks of phospholipids? |
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Definition
| a glycerol portion + 2 fatty acid chains + a phosphate group |
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Term
| Cholesterol, bile salts, and some hormones are examples of which lipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the functions of lipids. |
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Definition
| energy reserve; insulate; protect; structural component of the cell membrane; bile; structural component of certain hormones |
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Term
| What are the building blocks of proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bond holds amino acids together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is any molecule that is composed of 2 or more amino acids joined together called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What name is given to any chain of fewer than 15 amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What name is given to chains of 15 or more amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many amino acids are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 4 shapes of proteins. |
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Definition
| primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary |
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Term
| What is the drastic conformational change in proteins due to extreme heat or pH called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of proteins? |
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Definition
| structural; cell membranes; enzymes; hormones; antibodies; transport substances; contractile proteins; used for energy |
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Term
| Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides. What are the building blocks of nucleotides? |
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Definition
| a phosphate group + a 5-carbon sugar + an organic nitrogenous base |
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Term
| Which nucleic acid is always located only in the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which nucleic acid contains our heredity information? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most abundant compound in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the gas that is necessary for cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the gas that is the waste product of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| List some examples of minerals. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the building blocks of ATP? |
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Definition
| a nitrogenous base + a 5-carbon sugar (ribose) + 3 high energy phosphate bonds |
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Term
| Where is the energy found in ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is known as the “energy currency” of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Chemical Particles composed of 2 or more atoms united by a chemical bond. Atoms may be identical or different in the molecule.
Atoms react together to form molecules. |
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