Term
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Definition
| a permentant genetic change to a somatic cell (cells of the body). These mutations affect the individual only; they are not passed on to offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| mutations in the cell that produces gametes. Passes mutation on to new organism through fertilization. |
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Definition
| do not affect protein function. They can be in the non-coding portion of the DNA or in the coding portion but have no affect. |
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Term
| loss of function mutations |
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Definition
| affect protein function. May lead to non-functional proteins. Always show recessive inheritance. |
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Term
| gain of function mutations |
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Definition
| leads to a protein with altered functions. Usually shows dominant inheritance. |
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Term
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Definition
| only occur under certain restrictive conditions. Ex: high temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| results from the gain or loss or substitution of a single nucleotide. four types: silent mutations, missense mutations, nonsense mutations, and frame-shift mutations |
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Term
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Definition
| they may change the posistions or orientation of a DNA segment without actually removing any genetic genetic information. May cause duplications or sequences to be lost. Four types: deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations. |
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Term
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Definition
| some base substitutions change the genetic code that one amino acid substitutes for another in a protein. Ex: sickle cell |
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Term
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Definition
| involves a base substitution that causes a stop codon (for translation) to form somewhere in the mRNA. Results in a shortened protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| the addition or deletion of a single or two adjacent nucleotides in a gene's sequence - results in the misreading of mRNA during translation and the production of nonfunctional proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| a chromosomal mutation, results from the removal of part of the genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| in chromosomal mutations, a copy of the genetic material. Occurs along with/after deletions |
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Term
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Definition
| in chromosomal mutations, the flipping or reversal of a segment of genes in a chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| in chromosomal mutations, result when a segment of the chromosome breaks off and is inserted into a different chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in the genetic material that will occur with out any outside influence |
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Term
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Definition
| occur when something from outside of the cell -a mutagen- causes the permanent change in DNA |
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