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| Dr. Gill's background and training |
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Definition
| BYU, Colorado State, Duke, Washington State |
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Definition
| Literacy, Process, Stewardship |
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| what is required to receive an A? |
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Definition
| Attendance, show up do your work |
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Definition
| Don't eat the marshmallow |
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Definition
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| In the Tangle, waht is the evidence that Paul Cox uses to support his argument? What is the unexplained evidence? |
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Definition
| Temporality: The disease appeared 30 years after the bats were consumed. The population of bats dyed down and the disease disappeared. The cyanid bacteria was found in trace amounts in other neurodegenerative diseases. Other people who died of the tangle disease did not have any of the BMAA. His findings could not be replicated. Consistency, there was not multiple bats to sample and could have been sick bats. |
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Term
| Describe how the culture of science differs from other ways of knowing the world. |
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Definition
| Religion, Art are emotional. Science is based on honesty, search for truth, logical. |
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Term
| What are the classes of questions that science is well suited to address? |
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Definition
1. is x Y? Are the two things the same?
2. Is X different that Y. They are not the same.
3. Does x cause Y. |
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Term
| What are elements in religion that influence how we perceive science? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| Exposure precedes outcome |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Increase exposure increases outcome |
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Definition
| Multiple studies/ multiple environments |
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Definition
| Agrees with currently understood processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Other possible explanations |
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Term
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Definition
| Can outcomes be altered by changing system |
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Term
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Definition
| A single cause produces a specific effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Compatible with existing theory |
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Term
| What is the gambler's fallacy? What does this teach us about probabilities? |
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Definition
| A person thinks that because they have had a lot of heads they are going to get a tails because it has to happen. It always only has a 50/50 chance. The probability is concrete and unchanging. |
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Term
| What is the etiology (disease causation) for cholera? How do we know? |
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Definition
| Bacteria in the water. John Snow did a retrospective epidemiological study. Disproved other myths and fallacies. Was able to track and regulate the common key to a well and find where the water came from. |
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Term
| Define Confounder. Why are confounders such a problem in science? |
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Definition
| A variable that eludes the outcome in a study. If we don't block for confounding variables we can be mislead and attribute causation to a wrong element.ex: Eating ice cream leads to drowning. Confounding variable: Sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| follow a single group of individuals over time. Can learn a lot about indiv over a long time, don't keep re sampling the variation of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| explain a pattern after is has occurred; relies on human memory of past exposures. Least powerful, can lead to wild causative correlations that are statistical artifacts |
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Term
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Definition
| survey a large population and look for correlated traits; allows for a snap-shot in time at what behaviors and medical conditions are correlated. NOT causation. |
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Term
| Characteristics that define life. |
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Definition
| Regulation, metabolism, Information and Reproduction |
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Term
| Why is regulation so critical for life? |
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Definition
| It helps us stay alive by controlling/maintaining the rate or speed of machine or process so that it operates properly. Ex: salt, reg keeps in 1/2 life and keep it out 1/2 life. We need only a certain proportion to live. |
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Term
| How do bacteria communicate? how does this illustrate both the importance of regulation and the role of membrane proteins? |
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Definition
| Quorum sensing. When one membrane senses an invasion it communicates to another so that it can regulate the invasion. The proteins are the messages that are sent in order to regulate the communication. Communication would seize without the proteins. |
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Term
| What are the inferences that can be drawn from Mendel's laws of inheritance? |
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Definition
| Mendellion traits and diseases outcomes. |
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Term
| describe the central dogma? what does it mean? |
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Definition
| DNA codes for RNA, RNA make proteins. Proteins can never create DNA. |
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Term
| What is the difference between phenotype and genotype. |
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Definition
| Pheno is the Physical outward trait. Genotype is the genetic make up. |
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Term
| What is meant by heritability? What are it's two components? How can twin studies help in assessing heritability? |
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Definition
Phenotype = genetics = environment
H^2 = Var Genetics/Var Phenotype. Exactly the same genotype so can be used to determine genetic controls over human traits. Nature V nurture. |
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Term
| What are the differences between Mendelian and Quantitative inheritance. |
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Definition
| mendelion are simple, one gene, dom/recessive. Quantitative are complex, multi gene, distribution/diverse. |
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