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| The smallest units of an element that retain the element’s physical and chemical properties. These bond together to form molecules |
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| Are made of atoms that are bonded together can be the same atom. |
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| A collection of cells of the same type that perform a common function |
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| An organ is 2 or more tissue types working towards a particular function |
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| An organ system is a combination of organs that work together to carry out a particular function |
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| an individual complex individuals contain organ systems |
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| organisms of the same species in a common area |
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| interacting populations in a particular area |
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| a community plus the physical environment |
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| "regions of the earth's crust, waters and atmosphere inhabited by living things" |
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| "observation, hypothesis, experimentation/observation, conclusion, scientific theory" |
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| Types of subatomic particles |
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| Electrons, Protons, Neutrons |
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| Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass due to differing amounts of neutrons. Elemental isotopes are normally radioactive and can cause cancer |
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| A bond between two or more atoms where electrons are given or taken away. This bond results in a stable bond. |
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| A type of atomic bond where two or more atoms share electrons. This results in a stable bond. |
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Liquid at room temperature
Liquid water does not change temperature quickly
High heat of vaporization
Frozen water is less dense than liquid water
Molecules of water cling together
A solvent for polar molecules |
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| plasma protein - most abundant and important for plasma’s osmotic pressure as well as transportation |
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| plasma protein - also important in transportation |
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| plasma protein - important for the formation of blood clots |
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92% water and 8% and organic molecules
Plasma proteins are the most abundant molecules |
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| a condition resulting from too few red blood cells or hemoglobin that causes a run-down feeling |
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| Hemolytic disease of the newborn |
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| a condition with incompatible blood types that leads to rupturing of blood cells in a baby before and continuing after birth |
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Derived from red bone marrow
Large blood cells that have a nucleus
Production is regulated by colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
Can be found in the blood as well as in tissues
Fight infection and an important part of the immune system
Some live days while others live years or months |
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| white blood cell categories |
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| granular white blood cells |
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contain noticeable granules, lobed nuclei
Examples:
Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil |
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| agranular white blood cell |
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no granules, nonlobed nuclei
examples:
Lymphocyte
Monocyte |
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About 50-70% of all white blood cells
Contain a multi-lobed nucleus
Upon infection they move out of circulation into tissues to use phagocytes to engulf pathogens |
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Small percentage of WBC’s
Contain a bi lobed nucleus
Many large granules
function in parasitic infections and play a role in allergies |
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About 25-35% of all white blood cells
Large nucleus that takes up most of the cytoplasm
Develop into B and T cells that are important in the immune system |
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Relatively uncommon white blood cells
Largest white blood cell with horseshoe shaped nucleus
Take residence in tissues and develop into macrophages
Macrophages use phagocytosis to engulf pathogens |
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| Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) |
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| an inherited disease in which stem cells of WBC’s lack an enzyme that allows them to fight any infection |
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| a groups of cancers that affect white blood cells in which cells proliferate without control |
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| also known as the “kissing disease” occurs when the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects lymphocytes resulting in fatigue, sore throat and swollen lymph nodes |
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Made of fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes made in the bone marrow
About 200 billion are made per day
Function in blood clotting
Blood proteins named thrombin and fibrinogen are important for blood clotting by leading to fibrin threads that catch RBC’s |
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| a disorder in which the number of platelets is too low due to not enough being made in the bone marrow or the increased breakdown outside the marrow |
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| when a clot forms and breaks off from its site of origin and plugs another vessel |
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| a genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of a clotting factor so that when a person damages a blood vessel they are unable to properly clot their blood both internally and externally |
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| a foreign substance, often a polysaccharide or a protein, that stimulates an immune response |
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| proteins made in response to an antigen in the body and bind to that antigen |
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| functions of the lymphatic system |
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Definition
1. Lymphatic capillaries absorb excess tissue fluid and return it to the bloodstream
2. Lymphatic capillaries (lacteals) in the small intestine absorb fats associated with proteins
3. Works in the production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes in the body
4. Helps in defense against pathogens |
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| Secondary lymphatic organs |
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