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| single parent/gamete, offspring are clones |
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cell fission (bacteria Budding-portion of parent pinches off to form complete new individual regeneration-complete organism formed from fragement of parent parthenogenesis-offspring from unfertilized eggs |
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| production of a new individual by the joining of a haploid egg and sperm to produce a diploid zygote |
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What are the advantages of sexual repro? |
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Definition
-rapid adaptation to environmental changes -easier to eliminate harmful alleles -greater genetic variation |
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what are advantages of asexual repro? |
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Definition
-Can reproduce if isolated -reproduce rapidly -can produce offspring |
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Term
Hermaphroditism a. sequential hermaphroditism b. synchronous hermaphroditism |
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Definition
-possess both male and female repro systems, can fertilize their own eggs -typically exchange sperm to increase diversity a) simultaneously male and female b)sex reversal |
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| process by which male spermatogonia develop into mature spermatozoa |
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-eggs and sperm are released in close proximity -occurs in aquatic environments to protect gametes from drying out -release very large numbers of eggs at once |
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-sperm deposited within female reproductive tract -protects gametes from environmental hazards and predators |
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-sperm swims toward egg folowing chemical attractant molecules from ova of own species -once sperm fuses with egg, other sperm prevented from entering |
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| embryo develops within mother |
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| time during which a developing embryo grows within the uterus |
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| protect unopened flower buda |
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| serve in attraction of pollinators |
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| produce distinctive spores by meiosis |
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Definition
-one of 2 sperm cells fertilizes the egg to produce the diploid zygote -other sperm fuses with 2 nuclei located in a different cell (produces endosperm by mitosis) |
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small and dependent on gametophyte |
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-encloses and helps disperse seeds -develop from ovary and sometimes other parts |
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-occurs if seed encounters favorable conditions -embryo absorbs water, becomes metabolically active and grows out of seed coat -produces seedling |
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-immature male gametophyte -develop within anthers -4 haploid microspores produced |
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| early male gametophyte development |
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Definition
-each microspore nucleus undergoes mitosis to form male gametophyte -generative cell divides to produce 2 sperm cells -tube cell forms pollen tube |
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Definition
| gives physical strength and resistance to microbial attack |
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undergoes 3 rounds of mitosis to produce a single female gametophyte -egg cell lies between 2 synergids |
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| help to move nutrients to female gametophyte |
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break dormancy by inducing the release of sugars from stored starch |
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