Term
| types of noncovalent bonds |
|
Definition
| ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, van der Waals |
|
|
Term
| four major elements of life |
|
Definition
| hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfydryl, phosphate, methyl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional group (OH) that is found in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional group (C=O)found in carbohydrates and nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| funtional group (OH-C=O) found in proteins and lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional group (H-N-H) found in proteins and nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structures
include stereoisomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers |
|
|
Term
| major organic molecules/macromolecules |
|
Definition
| carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
macromolecule that stores energy (in C-H covalent bonds)
includes sugars, starch, glucose
emperical formula = CH2O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
simplest sugars/carbohydrates
inlude 5 (pentose) or 6 (hexose) carbon structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation of large molecules by the removal of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of large molecules by the addition of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbohydrates that are composed of two monosaccharides
includes sucrose, maltose, and lactose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbohydrates that are composed of a long chain of monosaccharides
used for energy storage and structural support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
starch in plants (amylose and amylopectin)
glycogen in animals |
|
|
Term
| structural polysaccharides |
|
Definition
cellulose in the cell walls of plants (aka fiber)
chitin in fungi and arthropods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
macromolecule that contains mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms
nonpolar and therefore hydrophobic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of lipid that makes up cell membranes
contains a glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a polar phosphate group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polar heads face the water and nonpolar fatty acid tails on the interior |
|
|
