Term
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Definition
DNA
ORGANIZED COMPLEXITY
GROWTH
STIMULUS RESPONSE
REPRODUCTION
ENERGY
ADAPT
CELLS
HOMEOSTASIS |
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Term
| Are bacterial cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the cell does the Fluid Mosaic Model apply to? |
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Definition
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Term
| A membrane bound nucleus would be found in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the primary function of the Golgi Apparatus |
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Definition
| To package proteins and lipids into the vesicles for either immediate use by the cell or storage |
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Term
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Definition
a. Cellular locomotion
b. movement of particles along a surface
c. filtration |
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Term
| Name the simple sugar that is the monomer of carbohydrates and give an example |
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Definition
Polysaccarides
ex. chitin, cellulose, glucose |
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Term
| Which process is the opposite of condensation in chemical reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA, RNA, and ATP are all examples of which biological macromolecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two scientists credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA |
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Definition
| James Watson and Francis Crick |
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Term
| Where does glycolysis happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycolysis is an anaerobic process. Name the two steps in cellular respiration which are aerobic processes |
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Definition
| Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain |
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Term
| Describe where and what cristae are |
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Definition
| Cristae are foldings inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
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Term
| Name the term used to describe an atom or molecule which loses an electron in a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| Ions form as a result of oxidation (OIL RIG) |
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Term
| The process where an atom or molecule gains an electron in a chemical reaction |
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Definition
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Term
| How many net ATP are produced in glycolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which step of cellular respiration results in the greatest amount of ATP production? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion is the passive transport mechanism where a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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Term
| Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Is this process active or passive? |
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Definition
| Passive because is requires no chemical energy |
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Term
| Is the phospholipid head hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Polar or non polar? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the phospholipid tail hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Polar or non polar? |
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Definition
| Hydrophobic and non polar |
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Term
| Name two characteristics that would prevent a molecule from passing through the plasma membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of an active transport mechanism |
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Definition
| endocytosis, exocytosis, sodium-potassium pump |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Energy currency of the cell |
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Definition
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
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Term
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Definition
| A catalyst is a substance needed to start or speed up a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions within the cell and the body |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the chemical reactions that occur within the cell including those that release and consume energy |
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Term
| Where are proteins synthesized? |
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Definition
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Term
| The powerhouse of the cell. ATP is made here |
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Definition
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Term
| The command center of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some characteristics of prokaryotic cells? Eukaryotic? |
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Definition
| Small, simple, found in single celled organisms; Large, complex, found in multicellular organisms |
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Term
| The cell's packaging and shipping department |
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Definition
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Term
| Name an extra cellular structure |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the primary component of the plasma membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| The movement of plasma membrane components like boats on a pond is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do phospholipids form a bilayer? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| First law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Energy cannot be created nor destroyed |
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Term
| The sodium potassium pump requires what to operate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would large or charged molecules pass through the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which process takes place to break a large molecule like ATP into a smaller molecule like ADP? |
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Definition
| Hydrolysis (lysis is slices) |
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Term
| A reaction that gives off heat |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the enzyme required to break down the sugar in milk |
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Definition
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Term
| An enzyme which as been heated to the point that its three dimensional structure is permanently altered is |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bond is created when atoms exchange electrons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a compound held together by an Ionic bond |
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Definition
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Term
| Bond that holds together water molecules |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Monomers of carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Monomers of nucleic acids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A carbohydrate and polysaccharide that is broken down by the enzyme almalase |
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Term
| Name 4 unique physical properties of water |
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Definition
| Surface tension, cohesion, adhesion, high temperature of vaporization |
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Term
| Explain how waters physical properties help us maintain homeostasis |
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Definition
| Waters high specific heat allows the body to remain at a relatively stable temperature despite changing environmental conditions . |
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Term
| Name nucleotide bases that are pyrimidines |
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Definition
| CUT the PY: cytosine, uracil, thymine |
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Term
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Definition
| adenine and thymine/uracil, guanine and cytosine |
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Term
| Name three components of a nucleotide |
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Definition
| Phosphate group, deoxyribose, nitrogen bases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| synthesizes nitrogen bases and proofreads |
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Term
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Definition
| glues together Okazaki fragments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| # of rings for pyrimidines and purines (respectively) |
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Definition
| Pyrimidines are single, purines are double |
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Term
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Definition
| Discovered "nuclein" in pus cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Did the experiment with the mice and the phenomena bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Isolated DNA, RNA, and proteins and confirmed that dan transferred genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| Used radioactive dyes to confirm Avery's findings |
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Term
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Definition
| Discovered the nitrogen base pair ratios |
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Term
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Definition
| took photo 51 through crystallography and confirmed double helix structure |
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Term
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Definition
| 1990 us project to code entire human genome |
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Term
| Rest period between meiosis 1 and 2 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How do multicellular organisms reproduce? Single celled? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the structure formed when homologous pairs of chromosomes along with their duplicates bind together in a group of four chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| When in meiosis does synapsis and cross over occur |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Phase of mitosis where chromosomes pull apart |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase of mitosis where chromosomes meet in the middle |
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Definition
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Term
| Organelle where photosynthesis takes place |
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Definition
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Term
| Pigment that plays major role in photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Cycle that is apart of the light independent reactions of photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum that contains visible light |
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Definition
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Term
| Flattened, stacked, disc shaped structures of the inner membrane of the chloroplast |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell division process of bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| The point where sister chromatids join together to form the characteristic X shape |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Protein that the double stranded DNA molecule wraps around to make the DNA more condensed |
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Definition
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Term
| Dna after it wrapped itself around the histones |
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Definition
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Term
| Stage where cell is in arrest |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many stages in interphase |
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Definition
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Term
| How long for one full cell cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase of mitosis where nuclear envelope disappears and chromatin condenses |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| An accumulation of chemicals which stimulate the cell to progress towards division is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemicals that regulate the process of the cell cycle at various checkpoints |
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Definition
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Term
| Where the cell membrane pinches together during cell division |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope reappears and the chromosomes relax and uncoil |
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Definition
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Term
| Uncontrolled cell division |
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Definition
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Term
| Ultimate source of energy for human life |
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Definition
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Term
| Breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| Organisms that depend on the energy stored in chemical bonds of other organisms are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Can manufacture their own energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Standing at the top of the stairs you have potential energy of 70 joules. If you walk down to the bottom of the stairs what is your potential energy |
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Definition
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Term
| In an enzyme catalyzed reaction the substance that bonds to the enzyme Is called what |
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Definition
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Term
| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| increases in entropy are favored |
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Term
| 3 carbon compound product of glycolysis |
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Definition
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Term
| The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur here in eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Total net ATP from one molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the carbon atoms in glucose come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose molecules are made in the Calvin cycle. What part of the chloroplast does this reaction happen in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has higher frequency than violet colored light? |
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Definition
| Ultra violet, X ray, gamma ray |
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Term
| What wavelength is the longest |
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Definition
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Term
| The splitting of water and generation of oxygen occur in the light dependent reactions. What part of the chloroplast do these reactions happen in? |
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Definition
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Term
| electromagnetic waves that are harmful |
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Definition
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