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Definition
| groups of cells with a common structure and function: epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural |
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| several of the various types of tissues working together to maintain homeostasis |
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| remarkably consistent balance of internal conditions that is achieved despite often rapidly and radically changing external and internal environments |
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vertebrates: over dermis, stratified
invertebrates: simple, possible true dermis |
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Definition
| connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, other specialized structures |
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Definition
| free edge that does not contact other cells |
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Definition
| bottommost layer of cells sits upon it |
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| one layer of cells; function in filtration, secretion, absorption |
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Definition
| multiple layers of cells; function is primarily protection |
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| osmosis, diffusion, protection, surface area, flexible |
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| flexible intermediate between squamous and columnar |
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Definition
| extremely durable, insoluble, water-resistant protein in epithelial cells |
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Term
| epidermal ridges/ friction ridges |
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Definition
| appearing as a ruffled or undulating border between the epidermis and dermis; increase surface area between epidermis(no blood vessels) and dermis(vessels) as well as increasing friction between the epidermis and the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete mucous onto the apical surface of the epithelium (found in simple columnar epithelium) |
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Definition
| thousands of microscopic finger-like projections (NOT cilia, cannot move) |
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Definition
| composed of polysaccharide chitin and various structural proteins |
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Definition
| long , heavy polymer or a derivative of glucose, is rarely pure, and instead combined with the proteins to form a glycoprotein |
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Definition
| outermost layer of the epidermis made from tightly connected keratinized epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete sebum, an oily substance, onto hair follicles or the surface of the skin |
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Definition
| long slender coiled tubular glands that secrete a watery sweat 1% NaCl |
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| animals in which the scale folds are overlapping |
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| large, thin, quadrilateral or polygonal scales (usually on belly) |
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| epithelial cells divide and form tall columns that push superficially |
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Definition
| side columns of feathers-off of shaft |
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Definition
| central "stem" of feather |
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Term
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Definition
| have central shaft with two vanes |
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Definition
| small barbules that have microscopic hooklets to interlock with other of these |
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| small, fluffy feathers that lay beneath and between contour feathers |
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Definition
| hairlike feathers predominately resembling a threadlike shaft |
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Definition
| anchors the hair into the skin |
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Definition
| begins halfway up the follicle, is composed of 3 layers of concentric layers of dead, keratinized cells |
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Definition
| pointed projection of the head of certain mammals-composed of keratin surrounding a core of living bone |
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Definition
| not keratinized structures, but branched dermal bone |
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Definition
| formation of bone, calcifying connective tissue |
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Definition
| continuous, shiny, bony armor on the entire organism |
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Definition
| consist of bone, dentin, and in enamel-like covering. spine extends above the flat bony scale and penetrates the epidermis |
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Definition
| thin lamellar bone and dense collagen-flexable and translucent. |
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Definition
| allows you to determine your position relative to a center of gravity |
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Definition
| gives you information regarding the speed and direction of the body's motion |
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Definition
| white outside layer of eye |
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Term
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Definition
| clear part over iris/pupil, protective |
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| between the retina and sclera, also called pigment layer |
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| thin, watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the iris |
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| back layer of tissue, highly vascularized |
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Definition
| detect black, white, and color |
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Definition
| centralized location of rods |
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Definition
| jelly-like fluid that fills white part of eye |
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Definition
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Definition
| where many optic axons leave the eye cavity |
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Definition
| proteins in lens begin to coagulate, reducing transparency |
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Definition
| lens changes shape to see near objects |
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Definition
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Definition
| rods become bleached if exposed to intense light of the proper wavelength for a sufficient period causing this when looking at a white paper |
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Definition
| cones can also become bleached if exposed to intense light of the proper wavelength for a sufficient period causing this when looking at a white paper |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| from tympanic membrane to cochlea |
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Definition
| cochlea and everything inside it |
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Definition
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Definition
| leads to tympanic membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| auditory (eustachian) tube |
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Definition
| The tube that runs from the middle ear to the pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| The area of the upper throat that lies behind the nose. |
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Definition
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Definition
| pointed bone behind malleaus |
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Definition
| covers oval window of cochlea |
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Definition
| part of vestibular sense, tubes |
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Definition
| snail-looking inner ear part |
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Definition
| where sound waves escape, below oval window |
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Definition
| connects to top of cochlea |
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Term
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Definition
| form base of semicircular canals, contain hair cells with tiny stones of calcium carbinate |
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Term
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Definition
| interference with sound waves as they travel to the inner ear (weber's test, bone makes it sound louder in deaf ear) |
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Term
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Definition
| results from damage to cochlear hair cells (weber's test, louder in normal ear-no transmition to brain auditory areas in deaf ear) |
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Term
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Definition
| reflex movement of the eyes, attempts to compensate for the loss of balance by visual fixation on an object |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete and maintain extracellular matrix in cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| endochondral ossification |
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Definition
| inside a hyaline cartilage "model" bone formation begins |
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Term
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Definition
| remnant of cartilage between bones |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| ossification overtakes and completely replaces cartilage |
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Definition
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Definition
| cylindrical structures of bone |
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Definition
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Definition
| dissolve matrix during bone remodeling and repair |
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Definition
| core channel containing blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| concentric rings of bone matrix surrounding haversion canal |
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Term
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Definition
| small channels linking lacunae to blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| adaptation of one or several vertebrae in frog |
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Term
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Definition
| two elongated tarsals in frog |
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Term
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Definition
| fused bones of the lower leg in frogs |
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Definition
| fused bones of the forearm in frog |
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Definition
| deep sternum in birds allowing attachment of powerful flight muscles |
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Definition
| shelf like membrane around the subumbrellar surface, aids in locomotion of medusae |
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Term
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Definition
| 8 rows of fused ciliated plates |
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Term
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Definition
| hole where water enters echinoderms |
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Term
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Definition
| lightbulb shaped structures that work with tube feet |
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Term
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Definition
| canal from which radial canals extend for locomotion |
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Term
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Definition
| longitudinal muscle fibers which run parallel to the vertebral column in fish |
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Definition
| on dorsal side of the vertebral column in fish |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| phlanges, metatarsals, tarsals on ground |
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Term
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Definition
| walk on tips of phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
| stripes due to intracellular contractile elements actin and myosin |
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Term
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Definition
| arrangement of muscle cells with multiple nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
chitinous forewings, membranous hindwings
grasshopper |
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Term
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Definition
two pairs of membranous wings, hindwings reduced
bees |
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Term
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Definition
one pair of membranous wings, second pair reduced to knob-like structure
flies and mosquitoes |
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Term
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Definition
hardened forewings, membranous hindwings
beetles |
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Term
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Definition
forewings are proximally chitinous, distally membranous, membranous hindwings
locusts |
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