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| I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength. |
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| And whatever you do, whether in word or deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him. |
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| Partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuels that occurs without the use of oxygen. |
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| Oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel. |
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| Technically includes aerobic and anaerobic, but general refers to aerobic. |
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| Reactions in which there is a transfer of one of more electrons from one reactant to another. |
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| The loss of electrons from a substance. |
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| The addition of electrons to a substance. |
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| An electron carrier (and coenzyme) to which hydrogen atoms are usually passed. |
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| Consists of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and the p;asma membrane of aerobically respiring cells. |
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| Breaks glucose into two molecules of pyruvate |
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| Process in which the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide is completed. |
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| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| Energy release at each step of the chain (electron transport chain) is stored in a form the mitochondrion (or prokaryotic cell) can use to make ATP from ADP. |
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| Substrate-Level Phosphorylation |
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| Occurs when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP. |
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| The compound pyruvate is first converted into upon entering the mitochondrion via active transport. |
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| Iron-containing protein that is a component of electron transfer chains. |
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| Enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. |
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| Process in which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is used to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP. |
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| The H+ gradient that results as H+ is accepted from the mitochondial matrix and deposited in the intermembrane space. |
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| Pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps. |
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| Pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as an end product with no release of CO2. |
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| Carry out only fermentation of anaerobic respiration. |
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| Organisms (such as yeast and many bacteria) that can make enough ATP to survive using either fermentation or respiration. |
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| Metabolic sequence that breaks the fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments which then enter the citric cycle as acetyl CoA. |
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