Term
| Who was the "father of genetics?" and when did he work? |
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Definition
| Gregor Mendel from the 1860's |
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Term
| What did Gregor Mendel do with peas? |
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Definition
| He controlled whether peas would self fertilize or cross fertilize |
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Term
| What did Gregor Mendel identify? |
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Definition
| Heritable factors (genes) that were passed among generations of pea plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plants that have had the same characteristics for many previous self-pollinated generations |
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Term
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Definition
| Offspring from cross between two different genotypes. |
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Term
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Definition
P (parental) -- true breeding parents
F1 (filial, son") result of cross fertilization of P generation
F2 generation, result of self fertilization of F1 generation |
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Term
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Definition
| Parents differ in only one characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternate versions of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Pairs of alleles segregate during gamete formation. |
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Term
| How many alleles of each gene do sperm and egg cells have |
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Definition
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Term
| How many alleles of each gene do body cells have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When an organism as a pair of identical alleles |
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Term
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Definition
| When an organism has two different alleles for a trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gene that is expressed and represented with a capital letter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gene that is not expressed and represented with a lowercase letter. |
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Term
| Recessive alleles often code for... |
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Definition
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Term
| Dominant is not always... |
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Definition
| the most common in a population (e.g) having freckles is dominant to no freckles) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why is dominant not always the most common in a population? |
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Definition
| Only the advantageous characteristics survive natural selection enough to fill out a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diagram showing possible allele distribution from fertilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical/physiological trait Ex. 1 white: 3 purple |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic composition Ex. 1 PP: 3 Pp |
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Term
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Definition
| Mating a dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive to see if it is homozygous or heterozygous |
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Term
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Definition
| The crossing of two parents with two different characterisitcs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals heterozygous for two characteristics being followed. |
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Term
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Definition
| When true-breeding parents differ in two characteristics. |
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Term
| Law of independent assortment |
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Definition
| Alleles on different chromosomes are inherited independently of one another. |
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Term
| How do you determine the alleles in a gamete? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| To determine the probability of two or more events will occur together, multiply the probability of each separate event. |
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Term
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Definition
| To determine the probability of mutually exclusive events, then add their individual probabilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the F1 hybrids have a phenotype somewhere between those of two parental varieties, due to the dominant trait not being strong enough in a heterozygous genotype. |
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Term
| Does incomplete dominance support the hypothesis that genes are blended? |
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Definition
| No, they are particulate, because the alleles separate to create complete phenotypes in offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
2 C^r allele makes red
1 C^R allele makes pink
2 C^w allele makes white |
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Term
| True or false: Most genes have only two alleles? |
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Definition
| False. Most have multiple, but individuals can only have two alleles. |
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Term
| What is an example of a multiple allele trait? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the alleles of blood and how many phenotypes are there? |
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Definition
| 1^A, 1^B, i; 4 phenotypes |
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Term
| What are the phenotypes of blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What characteristic of blood cells is determined by the genotype? |
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Definition
| The glycoproteins on the red blood cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where both alleles in a heterozygous genotype are expressed. |
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Term
| What is an example of codominance? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A single gene affecting multiple phenotypic characteristics. |
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Term
| What is an example of pleiotropy? |
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Definition
| Sickle-cell allele, which leads to abnormal hemoglobin, as well as paralysis kidney damage etc. |
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Term
| What is strange about a carrier of sickle cell disease? |
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Definition
| They have resistance against malaria as an evolutionary advantage. |
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Term
| Is pleitropy true of most genes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The expression of one gene affecting the expression of another. |
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Term
| What is an example of epistasis? |
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Definition
| How a lab's coat color is dependent on the trait that codes for the presence of Melanin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where two or more genes affect a single phenotypic characterisitc. |
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Term
| What is an example of polygenetic inheritance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between polygenetic inheritance and pleiotropy? |
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Definition
| Polygenetic inheritance is multiple genes affecting one phenotypic characteristic and pleotropy is one gene affecting multiple phenotypic characteristics. |
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Term
| What characters are not either-or characters? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHat are examples of quantitative characters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a quantitative character indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the nature versus nurture debate? |
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Definition
| Whether phenotypes are more influenced by genes or by the environment. |
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