Term
| Plant Structure is Divided into __________ systems. |
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Definition
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Term
| the _______________ system is Above ground and is composed of what 4 structures? the ___________ system is below ground |
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Definition
shoot
Stem, leaves, flowers,
fruit
root |
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Term
| what are the three organs of a plant? |
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Definition
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Term
____________ = tip of shoot
-Responsible for growth to
__________ plant |
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Definition
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Term
Branches - terminal buds at
__________ |
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Definition
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Term
| where is axillary bud located |
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Definition
between
leaf/branching shoot and
main shoot |
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Term
| the axillary bud Allows for forming structures ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| the axillary bud Contains _____________ which are Dormant, until needed |
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Definition
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Term
what is the terminal bud that inhibits growth at axillary buds? the Separation of ____________ from axillary buds allow axillary
buds to grow |
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Definition
Apical dominance
terminal bud |
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Term
| in experiments Removal of axillary buds allow buds to ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| where does photosynthesis occur, what absorbs water from soil and CO2 from air, has a flat broad portion, and large surface area |
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Definition
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Term
| this structure anchors plant to the ground, absorbs water and minerals from soil, Store organic material, and Produce hormones |
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Definition
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Term
the Dermal Tissue System makes up the
Outer layer and Protects against ____________ and ____________ |
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Definition
invading organisms
physical damage |
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Term
__________ – thin in nonwood plants
__________– thicker outer layer in wood plants |
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Definition
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Term
________– produces cuticle to reduce water loss
_______– produces cuticle, allow CO2
to enter cell
________– allows absorption of water and minerals |
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Definition
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Term
| Vascular Tissue System is a Conducting tissue to _____________between ______, ________,________ |
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Definition
| transport material ,roots ,shoots and leaves |
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Term
Xylem = conducts water and dissolved minerals from __________
into _________ |
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Definition
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Term
Phloem = conducts sugar and other organic molecules from
site of __________ to regions requiring ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
Organization of vascular tissue ________with organ and plant
________ |
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Definition
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Term
Photosynthesis - _________
Storage – _______
Support/strength – __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 5 Major Types of Plant Cells: |
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Definition
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
xylem
phloem |
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Term
Two types of water-conducting cells,
__________ and ___________, are dead
at maturity |
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Definition
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Term
| Tracheids are found in the _________of all vascular plants |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three Sugar-Conducting Cells of the Phloem |
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Definition
Sieve-tube elements
Companion Cells
Sieve plates |
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Term
The ground tissue in a leaf,is called
____________. Sandwiched between the
________ and _________epidermis |
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Definition
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Term
monocot
dermal =
Vascular = |
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Definition
epidermis
Vascular Bundles |
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Term
Eudicot
Dermal =
Ground = __________- internal vascular tissue, ___________ - external
to vascular tissue.
Vascular = |
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Definition
Epidermis
pith,cortex
Xylem, Phloem, Sclerenchyma |
|
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Term
Root Organization
Dermal =
Ground =
Vascular ; vascular cylinder = |
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Definition
Epidermis
Cortex, Endodermis
Xylem, phloem, Pericycle |
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Term
Leaf and Tissues
_____________ connected to tissue in stem. In leaf, ___________ in close contact with ____________sizing cells |
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Definition
Vascular bundles
vascular tissue
photosynthetic |
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Term
| within the leaf _________ = holes underneath leaf.Allow diffusion of _________, _______and ______into plant. the leaf is Regulated by _______ |
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Definition
Stomata
water
CO2
O2
plant conditions |
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Term
Vascular tissue in _________ of root
Ground tissue stores ___________ |
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Definition
central cylinder
organic material |
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Term
Mature Plant Cells
____________ = mature cells that develop into having specific function. are mature plants cells still dividing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Differentiation dependent on _________ within plant. All cells have same and complete ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
Plant Growth
Annuals = __________ life cycle
Biennials = _________ life cycle
Perennials = ___________ |
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Definition
1-year
2-year
several years |
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Term
| _______________= growth occurs during entire life cycle (except periods of dormancy). |
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Definition
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Term
| Determinate growth = ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
Plant Growth
______________ = embryonic cells responsible for growth Continuous mitosis.Produce ______ meristem cells and cells for _______________ . |
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Definition
Meristem cells
more
differentiation |
|
|
Term
____________ = lengthening at roots and stemsDue to apical meristems.
_____________ = thickening of stems and roots Due to lateral meristems |
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Definition
Primary Growth
Secondary Growth |
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Term
in what two locations does growth occur?
apical meristems are found at tips of__________. |
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Definition
shoots and roots
shoots and roots |
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|
Term
_____________are responsible for primary
growth, and growth occurs through _________ |
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Definition
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Term
Primary Growth - Root
____________ = outermost tip of root. the root Produces ______________ to
make roots slippery though soil |
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Definition
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Term
| roots Protect _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
Cells _______ to root cap = less mature
Cells_______ from root cap = more
mature |
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Definition
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Term
| Growth occurs just behind the root tip, in three zones of cells |
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Definition
-Zone of cell division
-Zone of elongation
-Zone of maturation |
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Term
| the Primary Growth of Shoots is _________, and ___________ |
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Definition
| -Shoot apical meristem -Leafprimordia |
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Term
Secondary Growth
Increasing _______ of plant at stems and roots.Occurs where no more _________ Occurs over years.
what is responsible for secondary growth |
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Definition
-width
-primary growth
-Lateral meristems |
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Term
| 2 types lateral meristems |
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Definition
-vascular cambium
-cork cambium |
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Term
| the _______________is a Ring of meristem cells that produce secondary xylem and phloem. Secondary xylem grows ________ of vascular cambium.Secondary phloem grows _____ of ring |
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Definition
-Vascular Cambium
-internal
-external |
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Term
Vascular Cambium
Oldest vascular tissue no longer functional for __________ New tissue is functional |
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Definition
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Term
Secondary Growth Vascular Cambium:
Secondary ______ and ________
grow to the inside and outside
of vascular cambium.____________ pushed away from vascular
cambium.Xylem towards ________, for
structural support Phloem towards __________ |
|
Definition
xylem
phloem
Primary vascular tissue
center
outer edge |
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Term
Secondary Growth Vascular Cambium :
_____________ xylem pushes other xylem layers inward. Newest secondary phloem pushes other phloem layers ______
= Secondary growth!
Nonfunctional xylemtowards ___________ |
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Definition
Newest secondary
outward
center |
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Term
Secondary Growth
______________ does not accumulate, and becomes Becomes part of _________, and is __________ from outside tree |
|
Definition
Nonfunctional phloem
bark
lost |
|
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Term
Secondary Growth Cork Cambium
Produces _________ (corkcambium +cork).
-________, ________, replaces epidermis |
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Definition
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Term
Secondary Growth Cork Cambium :
Secondary growth pushes __________outward(secondary phloem closest to vascular cambium) |
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Definition
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Term
Secondary Growth Cork Cambium :
___________ cannot keep up with
outward growth |
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Definition
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Term
Secondary Growth Cork Cambium :
Outer layer eventually _________
Lost: Primary phloem, cork,
layers in between |
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Definition
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Term
Tree Bark
__________= thick layer to protect tree from water loss, physical damage, infections. Cork layer _________increase in diameter.Periderm cracks and breaks off with ________ |
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Definition
Cork
does not
secondary growth |
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Term
| bark contains what three things? |
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Definition
| secondary phloem, cork cambium, periderm |
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