Term
| Do most scientists categorize viruses as living? Y/N |
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Definition
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Term
Are composed of _________ cells
Reproduce using _______
Obtain energy from their __________
Sense and respond to ___________
Maintain _____________
are capable of evolving as ______ |
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Definition
one or more
DNA
environment
Their environment
homeostasis
a group |
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Term
| viruses are Infective agents consisting of __________ material encased in a ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| viruses Rely on _____________ to replicate, and are __________smaller than bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| viruses are Smaller than ___________ and _____________ organelles |
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Definition
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Term
| what are four things virsues dont have |
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Definition
| No membrane, no ribosomes, no cytoplasm, no energy source |
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Term
| viruses Contain one or more strands of _____________ encapsulated within ______________ |
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Definition
nucleic acid
protien coat/capsid |
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Term
| Protein coat, capsid, protects the virus when _______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| viral envelope derived from host cell’s _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Envelope a combination of _____and host cell molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| Viral envelope made of viral ________________(proteins and carbohydrate complexes help virus _____________ to receptor sites on host cell surface), |
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Definition
glycoproteins
identify and bind |
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Term
Virus cannot produce ________________.
Cannot reproduce on its own, uses _________. |
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Definition
biological molecules
host molecules |
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Term
| Virus ____________in host, ____________of host |
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Definition
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Term
Viral Replication Cycle
Attachment=
uncoating =
Synthesis =
Assembly / Maturation =
Release = |
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Definition
-Viral nuclear material enters cell
-capsid degraded to release nucleic acids inside
-Naked viruses exit all at once by lysis ;rupture and kill cell
-Viral genome copied
-Viral components spontaneously self assemble and mature into infection entities |
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Term
| Enveloped viruses contain ____________ molecules and enzyme reverse ___________ |
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Definition
single-stranded RNA
transcriptase |
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Term
when antivirals are used Mutations occurs and change viral genetics which results in __________
and can make virsues resistant to _______ |
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Definition
new viral strain
medication |
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Term
| Viruses Evolve With Their Host through____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| two characteristics of living viruses |
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Definition
Reproduce using DNA
Are capable of evolving as a group |
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Term
| are viruses able to jump from one species to another Y/N |
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Definition
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Term
| prokaryotes are______________ organisims |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the first life form to evolve? |
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Definition
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Term
| prokaryotes have a ___________DNA – No ________, and no membrane bound________ |
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Definition
Free-floating
Nucleus
organelles |
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Term
| Some archaea live in extreme environments and are called_____________ |
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Definition
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Term
Halophiles
Methanogens
Thermophiles |
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Definition
live in highly saline environments
can generate methane
thrive in very hot environments |
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Term
Archaea exhibit characteristics of
both ____________ and _____________.
Both lack ___________ and other membrane-bound _________ |
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Definition
bacteria
eukaryotes
nuclei
organelles |
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Term
| Archaea use enzymes for _____________ that are more similar to those used by _________ than those used by bacteria |
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Definition
transcription and translation
eukaryotes |
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Term
| ____________make up the vast majority of prokaryotic organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotes are characterized as lacking cell organelles, particularly a_______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotes lack the nucleus found in eukaryotic cells. As a result, prokaryotic cells do not contain |
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Definition
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Term
Bacterial wall contains ____________
___________lack peptidoglycan |
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Definition
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Term
| Many antibiotics target __________and damage bacterial cell walls |
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Definition
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Term
| Capsule - Slime layer made of ___________ or protein.Help bacteria ___________ |
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Definition
polysaccharides
stick to surfaces |
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Term
| ___________are Hair-like cell wall extensions allow bacteria to attach to cells |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ability to move towards or away from a stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________One circular, double-stranded DNA chromosome (nucleoid) |
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Definition
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Term
| bacteria can share information through___________,and resistance gene is passed on.this transfer occurs during__________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The prokaryotic genome has ___________ than the eukaryotic genome |
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Definition
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Term
| The typical prokaryotic genome is a ring of DNA that is not surrounded by _________and that is located in a _________region |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryote Reproduction occurs through? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endospores are in a _______ that can survive under adverse environmental conditions. can Withstand __________ and very ________conditions |
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Definition
Dormant form
high temperatures
dry |
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Term
untreated Cutaneous Anthrax has a _________ fatality rate.
Gastrointestinal Anthrax = Death occurs in _________of cases |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotes reproduce quickly by __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| what Three factors contribute to genetic diversity of prokaryotes |
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Definition
Rapid reproduction
Mutation
Genetic recombination |
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Term
| ___________ = A gene or part of a gene moves from one organism to another |
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Definition
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Term
| cell incorporates foreign DNA from the surrounding environment |
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Definition
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Term
| is the movement of genes between bacteria by bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) |
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Definition
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Term
| genetic material is transferred between bacterial cells through sex pili |
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Definition
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Term
Phototrophs obtain energy from?
Chemotrophs obtain energy from ?
Autotrophs require?
Heterotrophs require an ______to make organic compounds |
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Definition
light
chemicals
carbon dioxide
organic nutrient |
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Term
| Obligate aerobes require __________ for cellular respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by O2 and use __________ or___________ |
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Definition
fermentation
anaerobic respiration |
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Term
| _______________can survive with or without O2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotes cause about _________ of all human diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ is a protein and neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum |
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Definition
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Term
| the ability to process energy through metabolic reactions is not a property of life shared by___________ cells, ________ cells, and ________ |
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Definition
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
viruses |
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