Term
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Definition
| They are repeated elements in bacterial genomes |
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Term
| Provide a description of the coding region density in Eukaryotes versus prokaryotes |
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Definition
| prokaryotes have a more dense coding region because they have less "junk" DNA |
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Term
| Describe the characteristics of plasmid DNAs in prokaryotes |
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Definition
| They are circular, replicate independently of the chromosomes and there can be more than one copy of each kind. |
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Term
| Define the reaction carried out by DNA ligase and how it is used. |
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Definition
| It fuses the backbone of DNA and RNA by catalyzing phosphodiester bonds. |
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Term
| Describe the process of introducing DNA into bacterial cells by electroporation. |
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Definition
| A current is put across the medium and the negatively charged DNA races towards the positive electrode, giving it a high velocity that forces it into bacterial cells when collisions occur. |
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Term
Describe the relationship between the length of a DNA double helix and its
temperature stability |
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Definition
| The longer it is, the less stable it is. |
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Term
| Indicate the role of electrophoretic separation of DNA in DNA sequencing. |
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Definition
| It separates the DNA into different lengths because the longer ones are heavier than the shorter ones. |
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Term
• Indicate the critical points where the flow is controlled and kept specific in
eukaryotes. |
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Definition
| Gene expression can be controlled by halting DNA transcription, or stop protein folding after translation. Translation can also be inhibited. |
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Term
| Describe the role of RNA polymerase II and TFIID, TFII F, TFIIH transcription factors in transcription in eukaryotes |
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Definition
| The transcription factors bind to the DNA along with RNA polymerase to facilitate transcription. They release after transcription is underway. |
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Term
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Definition
| The addition of many adenines (A) to the end of an RNA molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| The RNA forms loops containing introns so they are not translated, only the protein is. Once the loops are formed they are snipped off. |
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Term
| Compare the differences in protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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Definition
| prokaryotes have operons while eukaryotes do not. |
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Term
| Compare the differences in protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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Definition
| prokaryotes have operons while eukaryotes do not. |
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Term
| Define what is meant by promoter. |
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Definition
| A sequence of DNA that comes before the coding region of the gene and is the site where RNA polymerase binds. |
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Term
| Describe the process of transcription of a gene and an operon |
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Definition
| In an operon, several genes are translated into one strand of RNA, each with a start and stop codon to distinguish between them. |
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Term
| Why is the genetic code termed as "non-overlapping?" |
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Definition
| The codons are very definite and cannot be read out of frame without creating error. |
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Term
| What do A, P and E stand for in relation to the sites in a ribosome? |
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Definition
| A=arrival, P=peptide bond, E = exit |
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