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| M. Schlieden and T. Schwann |
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| all animals and plants come from cells |
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| all cells come from pre-existing cells |
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| living things are composed of cells; metabolism takes place within cells; cells reproduce; cells contain hereditary information |
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eukaryotic
surrounded by a lipoprotein layer with pores
may drift throughout the cell
contains disorganized threads of DNA called chromatids
contains nucleoli which make ribosomes
controls protein synthesis |
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| internal framework made of protein fibers to give support and is made of four types of structures |
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| internal framework made of cilia/flagella; are the spindle fibers in mitosis; support the cell |
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| fine protein threads made of action (allows contraction of cells) |
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| fibrous protein that provides mechanical strength to cells under stress or load bearing cells (bone) |
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| extremely thin proteins that connect various organelles to each other |
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Definition
small and numerous in animals while large and singular in plants
*in plants they provide turgor pressure* |
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| pressure exerted inside the cell against the cell wall |
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Definition
| cell parts with specific functions |
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| found in the cytoplasm near the microtrabeculae and found in the endoplasmic reticulum; will synthesize proteins that will leave the cell; make hormones, mucus and digestive enzymes |
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Definition
| Canals through which things pass; rough are ribosome channels and smooth are associated with gland cells that make large lipids (steroids) |
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| flattened sacs that accept materials coming in from the endoplasmic reticulum; adds or subtracts a functional group; distributes the finished product to the cell surface |
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Definition
| found in the Golgi Bodies; contain hydrolytic enzymes; only found in cells that undergo phagocytosis (white blood cells in humans and vacuoles in protista) |
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Definition
| contain enzymes that convert dihydrogen dioxide to water and diatomic oxygen |
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Definition
| larges organelle in that cell that even has its own DNA; site of aerobic respiration; the number of them in the cell determines the activity of the cell; contains internal membranes called cristae |
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Definition
| membrane bound/convoluted internal membranes; there are three types |
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| starch storage especially in roots and amyloplasts |
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Definition
| colored pigments (red, orange, yellow) that absorb certain waves |
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Definition
| used for photosynthesis and like red and blue light |
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Definition
| found in eukaryotes; short and numerous, they are found on cell membranes and are used for movement |
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Definition
| found externally on cell surface and are used for movement; can be in multiples |
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| found within the cell body; are a triple pattern of microtubules; transmit sugar to the flagella/cilia they are connected to |
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Definition
| made of microtubules; built like basal bodies; found in pairs near the nucleus; may help organize microtubules; are found only in amino cells |
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Definition
| can dissolve/regrow and rotation can vary compared to normal flagella |
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Definition
| found only in plant cells in between cell walls; allow small molecules to move between cells |
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| hold neighboring cells together; cement material between cell membranes in cells under mechanical stress |
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| prevent fluids that leak into other tissues; form a ring around the cell and fuse membranes; found in interstitial cells |
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Definition
| permit passage of materials; small channels; heart cells contain them for electrochemical transmission |
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Definition
| fluid found in the cytoplasm |
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Definition
| have cell walls of polysaccharides; some have flagella; have pilli, slime layers, and circular chromosomes in the nucleoid region and ribosomes for protein synthesis |
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Definition
| Have cytoskeletons made of: Microtubules, Microfilaments, Microtrabeculae, Intermediate Fibers |
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Definition
| Plasmodesmata, Desmosomes, Gap Junctions, and Tight Junctions |
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Definition
| lack centrioles and lysosomes |
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Definition
| lack plastids and cell walls |
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