Term
| In a single covalent bond, two atoms share __ electon(s). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When they are in a liquid state, water molecules can form __ bonds with each other. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bases are substances that __ H+ in aqueous solution. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The "atomic mass" of an element is equal to |
|
Definition
| the number of protons + the number of neutrons |
|
|
Term
| An O-H bond is polar. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hydrogen atom is stable if there are __ electrons in its outermost (valence) shell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon can form __ single covalent bonds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many protons does a hydrogen atom have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At pH 7, the concentration of H+ ions in water is ___ M. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A carbon atom is stable if there are __ electrons in its outermost (valence) shell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typically, a given biological catalyst can catalyze __ type(s) of chemical reaction(s). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is the process by which the information in an mRNA molecule is used to specify the information in a protein molecule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nearly all biological catalysts are ___ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is the process by which the information in DNA is used to specify the information in mRNA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The phenotype of an organism is determined by ___ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A molecule with the formula C5 H10 O5 is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Testosterone is a lipid. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All amino acids contain an amine group. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The triglycerides that make up plant oils are made of fatty acids that are saturated. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatty acids contain a carboxyl group. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monosaccharides contain at least one aldehyde group. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which one of the following types of biochemicals contains N?
a. amino acids
b. triglycerides
c. fatty acids
d. monosaccharides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Glucose is a
a. heptose
b. triose
c. hexose
d. pentose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The monomer units of starch are
a. monosaccharides
b. amino acids
c. fatty acids
d. nucleotides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The triglycerides that make up animal fat contain fatty acids that are saturated. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. phosphorus
e. carbon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HCO3- is
a. carbolic acid
b. carbonic acid
c. carbonate
d. bicarbonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the solid state (ice), water molecules form permanent (long-lasting) hydrogen bonds with each other. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which covalent bond is the most polar?
a. N - H
b. O - H
c. O = C
d. C - H |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
By mass, humans are about __ water.
a. 95%
b. 30%
c. 70% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of bond is the strongest?
a. ionic
b. van der Waals
c. covalent
d. hydrophobic
e. hydrogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A base is a chemical that ___ when dissolved in water.
a. releases protons
b. accepts protons
c. releases electrons
d. accepts electrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The pK of a buffer system is the pH where the buffer is __ at resisting pH changes.
a. least effective
b. most effective |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it first forms
a. carbonate
b. bicarbonate
c. carbonic acid
d. carbolic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The most important buffer system in human blood is the __ buffer system.
a. carbolic acid
b. hydrophilic
c. sodium chloride
d. carbonic acid
e. phosphate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ATP and GTP both function as
a. intracellular chemical signals
b. energy sources
c. transcription subunits
d. genetic information
e. ribosomal components |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In DNA, complementary base pairing occurs between A and T. In RNA, complementary base pairing occurs between A and ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. T
b. U
c. G
d. C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In DNA, complementary base pairs are held together by which type of bond or interaction?
Choose one answer.
a. hydrogen bond
b. van der Waals interaction
c. ionic bond
d. hydrophobic interaction
e. covalent bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The process by which an mRNA specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called
Choose one answer.
a. translation
b. replication
c. complementation
d. transcription |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The monomer units of RNA consist of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. a pentose monosaccharide
b. a hexose polysaccharide
c. a pentose polysaccharide
d. a hexose monosaccharide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the name of the amino acid with this side group?
-H
Choose one answer.
a. cysteine
b. glycerine
c. glycerol
d. glycine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An amino acid with this side group belongs to which type of amino acids?
-CH2-OH
Choose one answer.
a. nonpolar
b. polar
c. ionized
d. special |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A transmembrane receptor protein is embedded in the cell membrane. It is held in the membrane by a "stalk" consisting of a group of seven alpha helices, most of which have ___ R groups.
Choose one answer.
a. polar
b. nonpolar
c. ionized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Disulfide bonds participate in which type of protein structure?
Choose one answer.
a. secondary
b. tertiary
c. primary
d. quaternary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the name of the amino acid with this side group?
-CH2-SH
Choose one answer.
a. glycerine
b. sulfhydryl
c. glycine
d. glycerol
e. cysteine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Disulfide bonds participate in which type of protein structure?
Choose one answer.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In an alpha helix, the R groups project towards the ___ of the helix.
Choose one answer.
a. interior
b. exterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An amino acid with this side group belongs to which type of amino acid?
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH3+
Choose one answer.
a. ionized
b. nonpolar
c. special
d. polar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The shapes of protein secondary structures are maintained by
Choose one answer.
a. peptide bonds
b. hydrogen bonds between atoms in the R groups
c. covalent bonds
d. disulfide bonds
e. hydrogen bonds between atoms in the backbone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An amino acid with this side group belongs to which type of amino acids?
-CH2-OH
Choose one answer.
a. ionized
b. nonpolar
c. special
d. polar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which organelle participates in lipid synthesis?
Choose one answer.
a. rough ER
b. nucleolus
c. smooth ER
d. peroxisome
e. lysosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The "motor protein" called ___ moves vesicles along microtubule "tracks".
Choose one answer.
a. dynein
b. cysteine
c. the basal body
d. kinesin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which organelle contains a large amount of H2O2?
Choose one answer.
a. smooth ER
b. peroxisome
c. Golgi
d. rough ER
e. nucleolus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For a given body mass, the lifespan of bats is ___ the lifespan of non-flying mammals.
Choose one answer.
a. longer than
b. the same as
c. shorter than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 100 pound adult human requires ___ the amount of food per day as a 200 pound adult human requires.
Choose one answer.
a. half
b. less than half
c. more than half |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of cytoskeletal protein is involved in the movement of a eukaryotic flagellum?
Choose one answer.
a. actin
b. keratin
c. reticulum
d. tubulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which organelle produces most of the ATP in a cell?
Choose one answer.
a. Golgi
b. mitochondria
c. ribosome
d. smooth ER
e. rough ER |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When comparing mammal species, kidney mass is related to body mass by an allometric function, where the exponent b = 1.0. Therefore, as mammal body mass doubles, mammal kidney mass ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. increases by half
b. less than doubles
c. decreases by half
d. more than doubles
e. doubles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When comparing mammal species, lifespan is related to body mass by an allometric function, where the exponent b = 0.2. Therefore, as mammal body mass doubles, mammal lifespan ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. more than doubles
b. less than doubles
c. doubles
d. increases by 20%
e. decreases by half |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of cytoskeletal protein is involved in the contraction (shortening) of muscle cells?
Choose one answer.
a. actin
b. reticulum
c. keratin
d. tubulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which organelle sorts, modifies and packages proteins?
Choose one answer.
a. Golgi
b. lysosome
c. rough ER
d. peroxisome
e. smooth ER |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The protein that makes up one unit of a microfilament is called ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. tubulin
b. cysteine
c. keratin
d. collagen
e. actin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 100 pound adult human requires ___ the amount of food per day as a 200 pound adult human requires.
Choose one answer.
a. more than half
b. half
c. less than half |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of cytoskeletal protein is involved in the movement of a eukaryotic flagellum?
Choose one answer.
a. actin
b. reticulum
c. keratin
d. tubulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When comparing mammal species, lifespan is related to body mass by an allometric function, where the exponent b = 0.2. Therefore, as mammal body mass doubles, mammal lifespan ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. decreases by half
b. less than doubles
c. doubles
d. more than doubles
e. increases by 20% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In eukaryotes, where does translation happen?
Choose one answer.
a. smooth ER
b. cytoplasm
c. nucleus
d. Golgi
e. lysosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For a given body mass, the lifespan of bats is ___ the lifespan of non-flying mammals.
Choose one answer.
a. shorter than
b. longer than
c. the same as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When comparing mammal species, kidney mass is related to body mass by an allometric function, where the exponent b = 1.0. Therefore, as mammal body mass doubles, mammal kidney mass ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. less than doubles
b. doubles
c. more than doubles
d. decreases by half
e. increases by half |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The "motor protein" that moves a eukaryotic flagellum is called __ .
Choose one answer.
a. centriole
b. cysteine
c. keratin
d. dynein
e. kinesin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which organelle participates in lipid synthesis?
Choose one answer.
a. smooth ER
b. peroxisome
c. nucleolus
d. rough ER
e. lysosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following always contains at least one nitrogen atom?
Choose one answer.
a. the side group of an amino acid
b. disaccharide
c. carbohydrate
d. triglyceride
e. nucleotide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A diet high in ___ is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
Choose one answer.
a. cis-saturated fats
b. cis-unsaturated fats
c. trans-unsaturated fats
d. trans-saturated fats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the missing product in the following chemical reaction:
glycerol + 3 fatty acids --> triglyceride + ___
Choose one answer.
a. three hydrogen atoms
b. three waters
c. one water
d. three carbon dioxides
e. one hydrogen atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When a vegetable oil is "partially hydrogenated" ...
Choose one answer.
a. all of the C=C double bonds are converted to C-C single bonds
b. some of the C=C double bonds are converted to C-C single bonds
c. some of the C-C single bonds are converted to "trans" configuration
d. all of the C-C single bonds are converted to "trans" configuration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A diet high in ___ fatty acids is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.
Choose one answer.
a. trans
b. omega-3
c. saturated
d. omega-6 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When a vegetable oil is "partially hydrogenated" ...
Choose one answer.
a. some of the C-C single bonds are converted to "trans" configuration
b. all of the C=C double bonds are converted to C-C single bonds
c. all of the C-C single bonds are converted to "trans" configuration
d. some of the C=C double bonds are converted to C-C single bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animal fats are made of triglycerides that are unsaturated. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A trans fat always contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A diet high in ___ fatty acids is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.
Choose one answer.
a. omega-6
b. omega-3
c. trans
d. saturated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A biochemical made of three fatty acids covalently linked to one glycerol is called a ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. triglyceride
b. triglucaride
c. tertiary structure
d. glycogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most phospholipids in the plasma membrane have fatty acids that are about ___ carbon atoms long.
Choose one answer.
a. 16
b. 32
c. 64
d. 8 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Passive transport across a membrane requires the input of energy. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the plasma membrane, the carbohydrate groups of glycolipids are on the ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. outside of the cell
b. inside of the cell
c. hydrophobic portion of the cell membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In simple diffusion, as the concentration gradient increases, diffusion rate ...
Choose one answer.
a. increases
b. does not change
c. decreases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of cell junction is anchored in place by intermediate filaments?
Choose one answer.
a. loose junction
b. gap junction
c. desmosome
d. tight junction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The allometric relationship between mammal body mass and mammal cell size has an exponent (b) = 0. Therefore, as body mass doubles, cell size ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. does not change
b. decreases
c. more than doubles
d. doubles
e. less than doubles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Endurance training increases the number of ___ in muscle cells.
Choose one answer.
a. mitochondria
b. nucleoli
c. lysosomes
d. chromosomes
e. ribosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Microfilaments are made of the protein ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. microlin
b. filamentin
c. keratin
d. actin
e. tubulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tay-Sachs is an example of a ___ disease.
Choose one answer.
a. lysosomal storage
b. protein misfolding
c. smooth ER storage
d. rough ER storage
e. Golgi storage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In liver cells, the first step in the metabolism of ethanol is to convert ethanol to ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. carbon dioxide + water
b. methanol
c. acetohol
d. acetic acid
e. acetaldehyde |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In thermodynamics, the parameter H means ...
Choose one answer.
a. enthalpy
b. free energy
c. free entropy
d. free enthalpy
e. entropy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In thermodynamics, the parameter G means ...
Choose one answer.
a. enthalpy
b. free energy
c. free enthalpy
d. free entropy
e. heat energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An enzyme increases the Keq of a reaction. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Simple diffusion causes entropy to increase. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This reaction is exergonic T/F:
ADP + phosphate --> ATP + H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An enzyme increases the delta G of a reaction. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An enzyme increases the rate of a chemical reaction by ...
Choose one answer.
a. decreasing the delta G
b. increasing the Keq
c. increasing the delta G
d. decreasing the activation energy
e. increasing the activation energy |
|
Definition
| decreasing the activation energy |
|
|
Term
| Consider two enzymes (A and B) that catalyze the same reaction. For both A and B, Vmax = 1000 substrate molecules converted to product molecules per second. For enzyme A, Km = 5 mM. For enzyme B, Km = 20 mM. When substrate concentration is 1 mM, which enzyme has the higher reaction rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of a cofactor?
Choose one answer.
a. NAD
b. iron
c. ATP
d. Km
e. Vmax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider the following chemical reaction:
ATP + H2O --> ADP + phosphate
This reaction ___ energy.
Choose one answer.
a. releases
b. creates
c. requires the input of
d. destroys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The concentration of K+ is higher inside the cell than outside the cell. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inside of a cell has a negative electrical potential (voltage) relative to the outside of the cell. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider the facilitated diffusion of glucose from the blood into liver cells, which happens via a carrier protein called GLUT4. The parameter ___ is equal to the glucose concentration gradient where the rate of glucose transport equals one-half the maxiumum rate of glucose transport.
Choose one answer.
a. P
b. Km
c. Vmax / 2
d. Vmax
e. V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider an active transport glucose pump, with non-linear saturating kinetics. The units of the parameter Km are/is ...
Choose one answer.
a. glucose pumps per mm2 membrane area
b. molar
c. glucose transported per second
d. glucose pumps per cell
e. moles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A glycogen molecule has less entropy than 100 glucose molecules. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which process has linear kinetics?
Choose one answer.
a. secondary active transport
b. facilitated diffusion
c. simple diffusion
d. primary active transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The conversion of ATP to ADP occurs via a ___ reaction.
Choose one answer.
a. condensation
b. hydrolysis
c. transcription
d. polymerization
e. dehydration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A facilitated diffusion channel protein has linear kinetics. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is an example of secondary active transport?
Choose one answer.
a. hydrogen ion pump on the lysosome membrane
b. sodium-potassium pump on cell membranes
c. gated sodium channel on nerve cell membranes
d. glucose-sodium coupled transport pump on intestinal cell membranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The movement of protons into the mitochondrial matrix, through ATP synthase, is a ___ process.
Choose one answer.
a. endergonic
b. exergonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the missing molecule in this summary of the oxidation of pyruvate?
pyruvate + CoA + NAD --> acetyl CoA + NADH + ___
Choose one answer.
a. water
b. ATP
c. FAD
d. carbon dioxide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What molecule is the "terminal electron acceptor" in the electron transport chain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When your body uses amino acids as energy sources for ATP production, oxygen is required. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
glucose --> 2 pyruvate
This is a ___ reaction.
Choose one answer.
a. endergonic reduction
b. endergonic oxidation
c. exergonic reduction
d. exergonic oxidation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Carbon dioxide is produced by which process(es)?
Choose one answer.
a. oxidation of pyruvate and electron transport chain
b. citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
c. oxidation of pyruvate
d. oxidation of pyruvate and citric acid cycle
e. electron transport chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An acetyl group contains ___ carbon atom(s).
Choose one answer.
a. 3
b. 1
c. 2
d. 6
e. 4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A pyruvate molecule contains __ carbon atom(s).
Choose one answer.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
pyruvate --> carbon dioxide + an acetyl group
This is a ___ reaction.
Choose one answer.
a. endergonic oxidation
b. endergonic reduction
c. exergonic reduction
d. exergonic oxidation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GDP + phosphate --> GTP + water
This is an exergonic reaction. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a reaction is endergonic, then, at equilibrium, the concentration of products is greater than the concentration of reactants. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NADH --> NAD
This reaction is ___ reaction.
Choose one answer.
a. a reduction
b. an oxidation
c. neither a reduction nor an oxidation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAD --> NADH
This reaction is exergonic. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
oxygen --> water
This reaction is ___ reaction.
Choose one answer.
a. an oxidation
b. neither an oxidation nor a reduction
c. a reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The electron transport chain happens in (or on) the ___ of a eukaryotic cell.
Choose one answer.
a. the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes
b. the cytoplasm
c. inner mitochondrial membrane
d. the mitochondrial matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The citric acid cycle happens in (or on) the ___ of a eukaryotic cell.
Choose one answer.
a. the mitochondrial matrix
b. the cytoplasm
c. the outer mitochondrial membrane
d. the inner mitochondrial membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
6 CO2 --> glucose
This reaction is __ reaction.
Choose one answer.
a. neither a reduction nor an oxidation
b. a reduction
c. an oxidation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a reaction is exergonic, then, at equilibrium, the concentration of products is greater than the concentration of reactants. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The oxidation of pyruvate happens in (or on) the ___ of a eukaryotic cell.
Choose one answer.
a. the cytoplasm
b. the inner mitochondrial membrane
c. the nucleus
d. the mitochondrial matrix |
|
Definition
| the inner mitochondrial membrane |
|
|
Term
If a molecule is "oxidized", it ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. loses electrons
b. gains oxygen
c. gains electrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This reaction is a reduction:
pyruvate --> lactate T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The conversion of a fatty acid to several acetyl groups attached to coenzyme A molecules is an example of ____ .
Choose one answer.
a. catabolism
b. anabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The mitochondrial matrix has a ___ electrical charge, relative to the intermembrane space.
Choose one answer.
a. negative
b. positive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The electron transport chain pumps protons ___ the mitochondrial matrix.
Choose one answer.
a. out of
b. into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ATP molecules are made made in glycolysis are not made by "oxidative phosphorylation". Instead, they are made by "____-level phosphorylation". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The molecular machine that makes ATP on the inner mitochondrial membrane is called "ATP ____ ". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In yeast, the anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate to ethanol happens ____ .
Choose one answer.
a. on the inner mitochondrial membrane
b. in the cytoplasm
c. in the mitochondrial matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In prokaryotes, the citric acid cycle happens ____ .
Choose one answer.
a. on the plasma membrane
b. on the inner mitochondrial membrane
c. in the cytoplasm
d. in the mitochondrial matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pH of the mitochondrial matrix is lower than the pH of the cytoplasm. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This reaction is an oxidation:
NADH --> NAD
T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Protons move out of the mitochondrial matrix via ATP syntase by a process called ...
Choose one answer.
a. facilitated diffusion
b. simple diffusion
c. active transport
d. cotransport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of DNA is located the closest to the site of most of the production of ROS?
Choose one answer.
a. nuclear DNA
b. mitochondrial DNA
c. rough endoplasmic reticulum DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
"Citrate" has the suffix "ate" at the end because citrate ___ .
Choose one answer.
a. is a base
b. is a sugar
c. is an acid
d. is edible
e. is an enzyme |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| ATP synthase is an active transport pump. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The technical name for "programmed cell death" is ... |
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Definition
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Term
| The high energy form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is NADH. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| H2O2 is an example of a reactive oxygen species (ROS), or "free radical". But what is the specific name of H2O2 ? |
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Definition
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| O2.- is an example of a reactive oxygen species (ROS), or "free radical". But what is the specific name of O2.- ? |
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Definition
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Term
glucose --> pyruvate
This reaction is ...
Choose one answer.
a. an exergonic reduction
b. an endergonic reduction
c. an exergonic oxidation
d. an endergonic oxidation |
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Definition
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| Dietary antioxidants (e.g. vitamin C) are enzymes that convert reactive oxygen species to less toxic molecules (e.g. water). |
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Definition
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