large molecules made up of monomers

-they're everywhere

1. condensation reaction 
2. dehydration synthesis

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids

2 sugar rings

ex: lactose

glucose+fructose

- sugar in candy and cooking

• a chain of many simple sugars
• energy storage
• structural support

• a carbohydrate
• energy storage in plants
• long, linear molecules of glucose
• no branching

• stores energy in animals
• many branching

structural support found in the cell wall of plants

• extensive hydrogen bonding
• give rigidity that gives plant cells its characteristic shape

• Glycerol and fatty acids

• nonpolar
• long carbon chain

a chain with only single bonds and is full saturated with hydrogens

-linear overall

• a chain with at least one double bond because the presence of a double bind means not as many hydrogens
• its a cis configuration

• also have a double bond but this chain is a trans configuration

• long term energy storage
• cushioning of the bones and organs
  • Lipids
  • hormones and steroids

structurally the most divers

50% of dry mass of cells

• accelerate chemical reactions
• give structure
• store energy
• transmit messages

Amino Acids

- have a Carbon with an amino acid on one side and a Carboxylic group on the other, an "R" group in middle

1. hydrophobic- negative "R" groups
2. Hydrophilic- positive/polar "R" group
3. Acid- negative charged "R" group
4. Base- Positive charged "R" group

1. Primary- linear chain of amino acids; not seen in nature very often,
2. Secondary- protein has started folding around itself based on interactions between groups
3. Tertiary- helices and sheets stan interacting together
4. Quaternary- more than 1 chain interacting together
   1. can for hydrocarbon, ionic, hydrophilic, disulfuric bond/bridge 

nucleotide

5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

1. deoxyribonucleic acid
2. deoxyribose
3. made with thymine 
4. double stranded

• ribose
• uracil
• single stranded- can from secondary structures