Term
| What assumptions did Mendel make that the pea plants follow? |
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Definition
- Each trait is controlled by a single gene
- One allele is completely dominant over the other
- Only two possible alleles or exist for a gene
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Term
| How do we get different alleles? |
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Definition
| through genetic mutations |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in genetic sequence |
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Term
| When mutations change the genetic sequence, what do they produce? |
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Definition
| produce proteins which give different alleles |
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Term
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Definition
| the prevalent allele in the population |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: the dominant trait are the more prevalent |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of the dominant trait that are NOT the most common in the population |
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Definition
- Polydactyl (more than 5 digits)
- Achondroplasia (dwarfism)
- Widows peak
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Term
| What are polygenic traits |
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Definition
| traits that are controlled by more than one gene |
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Term
| what's an example of a polygenic trait |
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Definition
| height, skin color, eye color |
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Term
| What is incomplete Dominance |
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Definition
the heterozygote exhibits an intermittent phenotype
- results in more than 2 alleles in the population |
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Term
| What is the incomplete dominance phenotypic ration |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the incomplete dominance genotypic ratio? Why? |
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Definition
1:2:1
because the genotype is directly reflected by the phenotype |
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Term
| What's an example of incomplete dominance in human |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Heterozygous individuals express both phenotypes equally |
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Term
| What's an example of Codominance in Humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What blood type is the example of Codominance |
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Definition
AB
- Heterozygous individuals express both the A sugar and the B sugar and so both are produced, and you get the Ab blook type |
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Term
| What is the recessive blood type and what sugars are on it |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the genotypic and phenotypic ratio in codominance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the activity of one gene produces multiple phenotypes in the organism |
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Term
| What is an example of pleiotropy in humans and what phenotypes does it affect |
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Definition
albinism
It affects the hair, skin, blue eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| where more than one gene contributes to a phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| one gene masks the phenotypic effect of the other |
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Term
| In epistasis both genes... |
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Definition
| must be working to get a particular phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| very large and has many genes |
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Term
| Since men only have one X chromosomes that makes them |
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Definition
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Term
| Men not having an X chromosome can greatly affect |
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Definition
| the inheritance of genes on the X chromosomes |
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Term
| Autosomal dominance tends to affect |
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Definition
| every generation and both genders equally |
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Term
| X- linked inheritance is recessive so it |
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Definition
| tends to skip a generation and the reemerge |
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Term
| The environment can affect |
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Definition
| gene expression and phenotype |
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Term
| what are temperature sensitive |
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Definition
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Term
| What are ways we can do gene testing |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three in utero tests |
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Definition
-amniocentesis
-chorionic villus Sampling
-blood test |
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Term
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Definition
an ultrasound needle is pushed through the stomach into the uterus and draws out fluid that contain fetal cells and DNA
- only problem is it cannot be done till 16 weeks |
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Term
| What is chronic villus sampling |
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Definition
| the placenta is sampled through the cervix |
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Term
| Why is blood drawing the best option for in utero testing |
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Definition
| its noninvasive and can be done when the pregnancy is only a few weeks old |
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